Determination of carmoisine in alcoholic soft drinks by adsorptive stripping voltammetry using a glassy carbon electrode modified with electrochemically reduced graphene oxide
摘要
In this study, an adsorptive stripping voltammetry method was developed using a glassy carbon working electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide for the determination of carmoisine in alcoholic soft drink samples. The surface morphology and elemental composition of graphene oxide and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, confirming the successful electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide and the decoration of the fungal-network like material on the electrode surface. The optimized experimental conditions were Britton–Robinson buffer solution at pH 2.5, adsorption potential of 0.0 V, adsorption time of 90 s, and scan rate of 20 mV.s− 1. The method exhibited a linear response in the concentration range of 1.0 × 10⁻⁸ to 2.0 × 10⁻7 mol.L⁻1 with limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 2.0 × 10⁻⁹ mol.L⁻1 and 8.1 × 10⁻⁹ mol.L⁻1, respectively. The procedure showed good repeatability (RSD < 5.0%) and high accuracy with recoveries ranging from 95.0% to 110.0%. Furthermore, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of carmoisine in alcoholic beverage samples.