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<p>Dextran-based polymeric nanoparticles have emerged as a highly adaptable and biocompatible class of nanocarriers with broad biomedical potential. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of their synthesis strategies, structural characteristics, physicochemical behaviors, and diverse biomedical applications, emphasizing their evolving role in targeted and multifunctional drug delivery. Various synthetic approaches, including self-assembly, emulsion crosslinking, and graft copolymerization, have been developed to engineer dextran-based nanoparticles with tunable particle size (80–200&#xa0;nm), high encapsulation efficiency (70–95%), and controlled surface charge for optimized stability and biological performance. The intrinsic chemical versatility of dextran facilitates the conjugation of therapeutic molecules, targeting ligands, and diagnostic agents, leading to stimuli-responsive systems capable of responding to pH, redox, enzyme, and temperature cues. These multi-responsive nanoplatforms demonstrate enhanced site-specific delivery, sustained release, and reduced systemic toxicity in cancer and inflammatory disease models. Moreover, the integration of imaging components such as gadolinium, gold, and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) has advanced the development of theranostic formulations, enabling real-time tracking and image-guided therapy. The review also highlights key quantitative parameters, structure–function relationships, and translational challenges that define the performance of dextran-based multifunctional nanoparticles. Collectively, this work underscores the significance of dextran as a molecular scaffold for next-generation nanomedicine, bridging therapeutic efficacy with diagnostic precision in the context of targeted anti-tumor therapy.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Comprehensive investigation of synthesis, properties and biomedical utilization of multifunctional dextran-based polymeric nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月3日

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  • Hrushikesh Wagh,
  • Sankha Bhattacharya,
  • Dilpreet Singh

摘要

Dextran-based polymeric nanoparticles have emerged as a highly adaptable and biocompatible class of nanocarriers with broad biomedical potential. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of their synthesis strategies, structural characteristics, physicochemical behaviors, and diverse biomedical applications, emphasizing their evolving role in targeted and multifunctional drug delivery. Various synthetic approaches, including self-assembly, emulsion crosslinking, and graft copolymerization, have been developed to engineer dextran-based nanoparticles with tunable particle size (80–200 nm), high encapsulation efficiency (70–95%), and controlled surface charge for optimized stability and biological performance. The intrinsic chemical versatility of dextran facilitates the conjugation of therapeutic molecules, targeting ligands, and diagnostic agents, leading to stimuli-responsive systems capable of responding to pH, redox, enzyme, and temperature cues. These multi-responsive nanoplatforms demonstrate enhanced site-specific delivery, sustained release, and reduced systemic toxicity in cancer and inflammatory disease models. Moreover, the integration of imaging components such as gadolinium, gold, and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) has advanced the development of theranostic formulations, enabling real-time tracking and image-guided therapy. The review also highlights key quantitative parameters, structure–function relationships, and translational challenges that define the performance of dextran-based multifunctional nanoparticles. Collectively, this work underscores the significance of dextran as a molecular scaffold for next-generation nanomedicine, bridging therapeutic efficacy with diagnostic precision in the context of targeted anti-tumor therapy.

Graphical Abstract