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<p>This study explores enhancement potential of calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl₂0.6&#xa0;H₂O), a phase change material (PCM), using stable single-step silica nanofluids and natural surfactant derived from biomass for thermal energy storage (TES) applications. Silica nanofluids enhance thermal conductivity, facilitating more efficient heat transfer during the phase transition process. Additionally, the incorporation of biomass-extracted surfactants improves the dispersion stability of nanofluid and enhances both thermal reliability and cycling stability. Thermal analysis of the natural surfactant demonstrated a melting point of 11.95&#xa0;°C, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry, while thermogravimetric analysis indicated a moderate weight loss of approximately 12%. This study examines the influence of natural surfactant combined with varying concentrations of silica nanofluid (0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt%) on the thermal stability of the nano-enhanced phase change material (n-PCM). Among the tested concentrations, the lowest loading of 0.5 wt% (n-PCM1) demonstrated superior thermal performance, indicating its effectiveness in enhancing thermal stability. Experimental results demonstrated substantial improvements in thermal storage capacity, phase transition stability, and reusability, highlighting the potential of enhanced CaCl<sub>2</sub>.6H<sub>2</sub>O PCM for scalable, sustainable TES systems with significant improvements in melting point (51.35&#xa0;°C), and thermal conductivity (0.64&#xa0;W/m.K) along with minimal weight loss in TGA analysis whereas, n-PCM2 and n-PCM3 exhibited additional weight losses of 11% and 21.77%, respectively. This sustainable modification approach not only minimized reliance on synthetic additives but also leveraged eco-friendly materials, aligning with green chemistry principles essential for TES applications. This eco-friendly advancement in PCM technology paves the way for improved TES materials critical for renewable energy systems, waste heat recovery, and building energy efficiency.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Synergistic interaction of biomass-derived surfactant and nano-composite and its impact on thermal energy storage potential of conventional PCM

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月26日

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  • Alpana Singh,
  • Harish Hirani,
  • Tushar Sharma,
  • Japan Trivedi

摘要

This study explores enhancement potential of calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl₂0.6 H₂O), a phase change material (PCM), using stable single-step silica nanofluids and natural surfactant derived from biomass for thermal energy storage (TES) applications. Silica nanofluids enhance thermal conductivity, facilitating more efficient heat transfer during the phase transition process. Additionally, the incorporation of biomass-extracted surfactants improves the dispersion stability of nanofluid and enhances both thermal reliability and cycling stability. Thermal analysis of the natural surfactant demonstrated a melting point of 11.95 °C, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry, while thermogravimetric analysis indicated a moderate weight loss of approximately 12%. This study examines the influence of natural surfactant combined with varying concentrations of silica nanofluid (0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt%) on the thermal stability of the nano-enhanced phase change material (n-PCM). Among the tested concentrations, the lowest loading of 0.5 wt% (n-PCM1) demonstrated superior thermal performance, indicating its effectiveness in enhancing thermal stability. Experimental results demonstrated substantial improvements in thermal storage capacity, phase transition stability, and reusability, highlighting the potential of enhanced CaCl2.6H2O PCM for scalable, sustainable TES systems with significant improvements in melting point (51.35 °C), and thermal conductivity (0.64 W/m.K) along with minimal weight loss in TGA analysis whereas, n-PCM2 and n-PCM3 exhibited additional weight losses of 11% and 21.77%, respectively. This sustainable modification approach not only minimized reliance on synthetic additives but also leveraged eco-friendly materials, aligning with green chemistry principles essential for TES applications. This eco-friendly advancement in PCM technology paves the way for improved TES materials critical for renewable energy systems, waste heat recovery, and building energy efficiency.

Graphical abstract