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<p>Energy storage, catalysis, and sensing have all showed a great deal of interest in the potential uses of Copper oxide (CuO) and nickel oxide (NiO), which is well-known for its broad band gap, outstanding thermal stability, and electrochemical qualities. In this work, Cu/PVDF-HFP and Ni/PVDF-HFP nanofibers were synthesized via electrospinning followed by thermal calcination. XRD confirmed the formation of monoclinic CuO and cubic NiO phases with average crystallite sizes of 8.09&#xa0;nm and 37.06&#xa0;nm, and lattice strains of 0.0014 × 10<sup>− 6</sup>and 0.0051 × 10<sup>− 6</sup>, respectively. Raman spectra further validated the structural phases and confirmed the presence of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) within the calcined composites. SEM images revealed interconnected and dense CuO and NiO networks, while UV–Vis analysis indicated direct band gaps of 2.4&#xa0;eV (CuO) and 1.84&#xa0;eV (NiO). The calculated Urbach energies were 1.45&#xa0;eV and 1.80&#xa0;eV for Cu/PVDF-HFP and Ni/PVDF-HFP, respectively. The obtained nanocomposites exhibit excellent structural stability and strong visible-light absorption, making them suitable for gas sensing, photocatalysis, and advanced energy storage applications. This facile synthesis route demonstrates a scalable pathway to engineer multifunctional metal oxide–polymer composites for next-generation electrochemical devices.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Structural and optical analysis of carbon composites derived from Ni/Cu–PVDF-HFP nanofibers via spun calcination method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月25日

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  • Neha Kumari,
  • Prerit Chauhan,
  • Itika Kainthla,
  • Mamta Shandilya,
  • Sahil Kumar

摘要

Energy storage, catalysis, and sensing have all showed a great deal of interest in the potential uses of Copper oxide (CuO) and nickel oxide (NiO), which is well-known for its broad band gap, outstanding thermal stability, and electrochemical qualities. In this work, Cu/PVDF-HFP and Ni/PVDF-HFP nanofibers were synthesized via electrospinning followed by thermal calcination. XRD confirmed the formation of monoclinic CuO and cubic NiO phases with average crystallite sizes of 8.09 nm and 37.06 nm, and lattice strains of 0.0014 × 10− 6and 0.0051 × 10− 6, respectively. Raman spectra further validated the structural phases and confirmed the presence of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) within the calcined composites. SEM images revealed interconnected and dense CuO and NiO networks, while UV–Vis analysis indicated direct band gaps of 2.4 eV (CuO) and 1.84 eV (NiO). The calculated Urbach energies were 1.45 eV and 1.80 eV for Cu/PVDF-HFP and Ni/PVDF-HFP, respectively. The obtained nanocomposites exhibit excellent structural stability and strong visible-light absorption, making them suitable for gas sensing, photocatalysis, and advanced energy storage applications. This facile synthesis route demonstrates a scalable pathway to engineer multifunctional metal oxide–polymer composites for next-generation electrochemical devices.

Graphical Abstract