<p>Based on aqueous Cl ion transport and storage, the Chloride ion battery (CIB) has recently been considered as one of advanced energy storage technologies with the advantages of low cost, abundant resources, safety and high theoretical volume density. But the suitable anode materials with excellent non-faradaic/faradaic Cl ion properties still need to be explored and investigated to achieve excellent electrochemical performance in CIB. Herein, polypyrrole (PPy) nanobelts with different Cl^- doping contents (Cl-PNbs) have been successfully synthesized through adjusting hydrochloric acid concentration as the dopant to achieve good electrochemical performance for aqueous Cl ion storage. With the increase of dopant concentration, the ionic and electron conductivity of Cl-PNbs raises first and then reduces. That is contributed to the introduction of more electron holes into PPy framework at low dopant concentration, but the reduction of Cl^- and PPy-Cl^- content at high concentration. The synergistic effect of Cl doping and nanostructure construction of the Cl-PNbs electrode materials results in high capacity, good rate and cycling performance. This work puts forward a simple and effective strategy to obtain desirable conductive polymers-based anode materials for good-performance Cl ion storage.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>