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<p>To enhance emulsifying ability in the encapsulation process, synergistic macromolecules have been proposed by fabricating co-stabilized cellulose nanocrystals with sodium alginate and lecithin to create efficient delivery systems for bio-based ionic liquids (ILs). Accordingly, we selected hydrophobic compounds, which exhibited low bioavailability, to develop drug delivery systems. The vitamin B3 and curcumin-based ILs, cholinium nicotinate [Ch][B3] and cholinium curcuminate [Ch][Cur], were achieved by a simple metathesis reaction and characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy-Attenuated Total Reflection and performed to enhance their biological activity (antioxidant activity of 86.8 ± 0.13%) and water solubility over 15 times for curcumin. Exploring the potential use of such hydrophilic active ingredients, the Pickering double emulsions (W/O/W) were formed using cellulose nanocrystals to interact with a gel network of sodium alginate and lecithin for ILs encapsulation. The emulsion loaded with ILs exhibited good shear-thinning properties. The creaming index and visual appearance of curcumin-based ionic liquids as double emulsions ([Ch][Cur]-CAL-C) revealed good stability of 30-day storage at 4&#xa0;°C and the release kinetics of 79.15 ± 3.89% over 24&#xa0;h with high encapsulation efficiency (96.87 ± 0.00%). A promising synergistic impact on curcumin delivery to improve bioavailability and maintain molecular stability was successfully achieved in Pickering double emulsion and potentially used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical applications.</p>

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Fabrication of pickering double emulsions loaded with curcumin ionic liquids stabilized by cellulose nanocrystals, sodium alginate and lecithin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月5日

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  • Niramon Maeda,
  • Niramol Sakkayawong,
  • Jirada Singkhonrat

摘要

To enhance emulsifying ability in the encapsulation process, synergistic macromolecules have been proposed by fabricating co-stabilized cellulose nanocrystals with sodium alginate and lecithin to create efficient delivery systems for bio-based ionic liquids (ILs). Accordingly, we selected hydrophobic compounds, which exhibited low bioavailability, to develop drug delivery systems. The vitamin B3 and curcumin-based ILs, cholinium nicotinate [Ch][B3] and cholinium curcuminate [Ch][Cur], were achieved by a simple metathesis reaction and characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy-Attenuated Total Reflection and performed to enhance their biological activity (antioxidant activity of 86.8 ± 0.13%) and water solubility over 15 times for curcumin. Exploring the potential use of such hydrophilic active ingredients, the Pickering double emulsions (W/O/W) were formed using cellulose nanocrystals to interact with a gel network of sodium alginate and lecithin for ILs encapsulation. The emulsion loaded with ILs exhibited good shear-thinning properties. The creaming index and visual appearance of curcumin-based ionic liquids as double emulsions ([Ch][Cur]-CAL-C) revealed good stability of 30-day storage at 4 °C and the release kinetics of 79.15 ± 3.89% over 24 h with high encapsulation efficiency (96.87 ± 0.00%). A promising synergistic impact on curcumin delivery to improve bioavailability and maintain molecular stability was successfully achieved in Pickering double emulsion and potentially used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical applications.