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<p>This study addresses cold-flow deformation, sluggish shear-thickening, and poor energy dissipation in shear-thickening gels (STGs) via solvent-assisted integration of optimally dispersed carbon nanotubes (CNTs, 0 ~ 1.0 weight percent wt.%). Borate-crosslinked STG matrices were synthesized using hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane and boric acid. Rheology showed 0.25 wt.% CNT maximized storage modulus enhancement: 124.5&#xa0;kPa at 0.1&#xa0;Hz (463% increase over pure STG) and 284.2&#xa0;kPa at 100&#xa0;Hz, while maintaining viscoelastic balance. Similarly, compressive modulus (100&#xa0;mm/min) increased from 93&#xa0;kPa (pure STG) to 259&#xa0;kPa. Tensile stress at 100&#xa0;mm/min reached 82.7&#xa0;kPa (21.8 times higher). Impact absorption significantly improved: peak force reduced by 80.1% and dissipation duration prolonged by 206.5% versus non-buffered impacts. Helmet simulations confirmed 27.7% peak force reduction and 26.2% longer impact duration. Optimal CNT dispersion facilitated synergistic energy dissipation mechanisms, thus enabling the design of protective STGs with enhanced impact performance.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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High-performance impact-resistant shear-thickening gel composites enabled by optimally dispersed carbon nanotubes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月17日

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  • Guangming Yang,
  • Haipeng Li,
  • Fei Pan

摘要

This study addresses cold-flow deformation, sluggish shear-thickening, and poor energy dissipation in shear-thickening gels (STGs) via solvent-assisted integration of optimally dispersed carbon nanotubes (CNTs, 0 ~ 1.0 weight percent wt.%). Borate-crosslinked STG matrices were synthesized using hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane and boric acid. Rheology showed 0.25 wt.% CNT maximized storage modulus enhancement: 124.5 kPa at 0.1 Hz (463% increase over pure STG) and 284.2 kPa at 100 Hz, while maintaining viscoelastic balance. Similarly, compressive modulus (100 mm/min) increased from 93 kPa (pure STG) to 259 kPa. Tensile stress at 100 mm/min reached 82.7 kPa (21.8 times higher). Impact absorption significantly improved: peak force reduced by 80.1% and dissipation duration prolonged by 206.5% versus non-buffered impacts. Helmet simulations confirmed 27.7% peak force reduction and 26.2% longer impact duration. Optimal CNT dispersion facilitated synergistic energy dissipation mechanisms, thus enabling the design of protective STGs with enhanced impact performance.

Graphical Abstract