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Objective <p>To evaluate the association of a healthy and sustainable diet with overweight and obesity in Mexican adolescents.</p> Materials and methods <p>This study analyzed data from the 2012 and 2016 National Health and Nutrition Surveys, including 2064 Mexican adolescents aged 12–19&#xa0;years with dietary information collected through one 24-h recall. Adherence to a healthy and sustainable diet was assessed using the World Index for Sustainability and Health, which is based on the EAT-Lancet planetary reference diet. We also evaluated the four sub-scores: healthiness, unhealthiness, low environmental impact, and high environmental impact. Overweight and obesity were determined using the body mass index cut-off points for age established by the World Health Organization. Multinomial logistic models were fitted for covariates.</p> Results <p>Each one-point increase in the index was associated with a 2% reduction in the likelihood of overweight and obesity (RRR = 0.98, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01 and <i>p</i> = 0.04, respectively). Similarly, each one-point increase in the healthy subscore was associated with a 2% lower likelihood of overweight and a 3% lower likelihood of obesity. Among males, a higher healthy subscore lowered the likelihood of obesity by 4% per point (RRR = 0.96, <i>p</i> = 0.01), while a higher unhealthy subscore showed a marginal association with an increased risk of obesity by 4% per point (RRR = 1.04, <i>p</i> = 0.06). In females, each point increase in the low environmental impact subscore reduced the likelihood of overweight and obesity by 3% and 4%, respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.04, <i>p</i> = 0.01). In contrast, among males, each one-point increase in the high environmental impact subscore was associated with a 4% lower likelihood of obesity (RRR = 0.96, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01).</p> Conclusions <p>Adherence to healthy and sustainable diets is low among Mexican adolescents. However, greater adherence, particularly in dietary quality and environmental dimensions, was associated with lower overweight and obesity risk, supporting tailored interventions to improve adolescent diets and prevent excess weight.</p>

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Adherence to a healthy and sustainable diet and its association with overweight and obesity among Mexican adolescents: a cross-sectional study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • Arlen Victoria Calzada-Ruvalcaba,
  • Teresa Verenice Muñoz-Rocha,
  • Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez,
  • Tania G. Sánchez-Pimienta

摘要

Objective

To evaluate the association of a healthy and sustainable diet with overweight and obesity in Mexican adolescents.

Materials and methods

This study analyzed data from the 2012 and 2016 National Health and Nutrition Surveys, including 2064 Mexican adolescents aged 12–19 years with dietary information collected through one 24-h recall. Adherence to a healthy and sustainable diet was assessed using the World Index for Sustainability and Health, which is based on the EAT-Lancet planetary reference diet. We also evaluated the four sub-scores: healthiness, unhealthiness, low environmental impact, and high environmental impact. Overweight and obesity were determined using the body mass index cut-off points for age established by the World Health Organization. Multinomial logistic models were fitted for covariates.

Results

Each one-point increase in the index was associated with a 2% reduction in the likelihood of overweight and obesity (RRR = 0.98, p < 0.01 and p = 0.04, respectively). Similarly, each one-point increase in the healthy subscore was associated with a 2% lower likelihood of overweight and a 3% lower likelihood of obesity. Among males, a higher healthy subscore lowered the likelihood of obesity by 4% per point (RRR = 0.96, p = 0.01), while a higher unhealthy subscore showed a marginal association with an increased risk of obesity by 4% per point (RRR = 1.04, p = 0.06). In females, each point increase in the low environmental impact subscore reduced the likelihood of overweight and obesity by 3% and 4%, respectively (p = 0.04, p = 0.01). In contrast, among males, each one-point increase in the high environmental impact subscore was associated with a 4% lower likelihood of obesity (RRR = 0.96, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Adherence to healthy and sustainable diets is low among Mexican adolescents. However, greater adherence, particularly in dietary quality and environmental dimensions, was associated with lower overweight and obesity risk, supporting tailored interventions to improve adolescent diets and prevent excess weight.