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Background <p>Odd-chain saturated fatty acids (SFAs) have shown potential metabolic benefits, may exert protective metabolic effects. However, their association with MetS and the potential role of insulin resistance remains unclear.</p> Methods <p>In a cross-sectional study of 746 adults, we assessed associations between erythrocyte odd-chain SFAs and MetS using logistic regression Mediation and interaction analyses were performed to explore the role of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in these associations. We also examined the correlations between odd-chain SFAs and dietary factors.</p> Results <p>Higher erythrocyte C17:0 levels were associated with lower MetS risk (OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.21–0.60), partially mediated by HOMA-IR (33.8%). Joint analysis revealed the lowest MetS risk among participants with both high C17:0 and low HOMA-IR (OR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.07–0.26). Additive interaction between C17:0 and HOMA-IR was significant. Dietary fiber intake was positively associated with C17:0 levels. No significant association was observed for C15:0.</p> Conclusions <p>Elevated erythrocyte C17:0 is inversely associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome, partially through improved insulin sensitivity. Targeting the elevation of C17:0 levels and enhancing insulin sensitivity may offer a promising strategy for early MetS prevention. Dietary fiber may play a potential role in modulating C17:0 levels.</p>

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C17:0, rather than C15:0, drives the protective association of odd-chain saturated fatty acids with metabolic syndrome: mediation and joint effect evidence

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月18日

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  • Shixin Wu,
  • Huiru Luo,
  • Rongchun Huang,
  • Juncheng Zhong,
  • Mengyang Su,
  • Xiaoying Lai,
  • Zheqing Zhang,
  • Quan Zhou

摘要

Background

Odd-chain saturated fatty acids (SFAs) have shown potential metabolic benefits, may exert protective metabolic effects. However, their association with MetS and the potential role of insulin resistance remains unclear.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study of 746 adults, we assessed associations between erythrocyte odd-chain SFAs and MetS using logistic regression Mediation and interaction analyses were performed to explore the role of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in these associations. We also examined the correlations between odd-chain SFAs and dietary factors.

Results

Higher erythrocyte C17:0 levels were associated with lower MetS risk (OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.21–0.60), partially mediated by HOMA-IR (33.8%). Joint analysis revealed the lowest MetS risk among participants with both high C17:0 and low HOMA-IR (OR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.07–0.26). Additive interaction between C17:0 and HOMA-IR was significant. Dietary fiber intake was positively associated with C17:0 levels. No significant association was observed for C15:0.

Conclusions

Elevated erythrocyte C17:0 is inversely associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome, partially through improved insulin sensitivity. Targeting the elevation of C17:0 levels and enhancing insulin sensitivity may offer a promising strategy for early MetS prevention. Dietary fiber may play a potential role in modulating C17:0 levels.