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Purpose <p>Legumes are recommended as a sustainable alternative protein source to red and processed meat (RPM). We studied the effects of a partial substitution of RPM with non-soy legumes on nutrient intakes and status, anthropometric measurements, and biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes risk in healthy working-age men.</p> Methods <p>In a 6-week clinical trial, 102 men (mean age 38&#xa0;years, range 21–61) were randomized to either the MEAT group, consuming 760&#xa0;g/week of RPM (25% of total protein intake (TPI)) or the LEGUME group, consuming 200&#xa0;g/week of RPM corresponding to the maximum of the Planetary Health Diet (5% of TPI) along with legume-based foods containing protein equivalent to 560&#xa0;g/week of red meat (20% of TPI). TPI target was 18 E%. Four-day food records, blood, and 24-h urine samples were collected at baseline and endpoint.</p> Results <p>At the endpoint, the LEGUME group had higher intakes of fiber (g/MJ, <i>P</i> = 0.006), polyunsaturated fatty acids (E%, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), and iron (mg/MJ, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) compared to the MEAT group, but lower intakes of saturated fatty acids (E%, <i>P</i> = 0.012) and vitamin B12 (µg/MJ, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). The LEGUME group had lower vitamin B12 status (holotranscobalamin, <i>P</i> = 0.022), iodine status (24-h urinary iodine excretion, <i>P</i> = 0.041), total and LDL cholesterol (both <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), and BMI and weight (both <i>P</i> = 0.009).</p> Conclusion <p>Implementing a moderate dietary shift by consuming more legumes and less RPM may beneficially affect biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases and weight in healthy working-age men while maintaining nutritional adequacy of iodine, iron, and vitamin B12 in the short term.</p> <p><i>Trial Registration</i> Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT04599920 in October 2020.</p>

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Nutritional and health benefits of a partial substitution of red and processed meat with non-soy legumes: a 6-week randomized controlled trial in healthy working-age men

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月19日

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  • Sari Bäck,
  • Essi Päivärinta,
  • Tiina Pellinen,
  • Suvi T. Itkonen,
  • Mikko Lehtovirta,
  • Maijaliisa Erkkola,
  • Niina E. Kaartinen,
  • Satu Männistö,
  • Anne-Maria Pajari

摘要

Purpose

Legumes are recommended as a sustainable alternative protein source to red and processed meat (RPM). We studied the effects of a partial substitution of RPM with non-soy legumes on nutrient intakes and status, anthropometric measurements, and biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes risk in healthy working-age men.

Methods

In a 6-week clinical trial, 102 men (mean age 38 years, range 21–61) were randomized to either the MEAT group, consuming 760 g/week of RPM (25% of total protein intake (TPI)) or the LEGUME group, consuming 200 g/week of RPM corresponding to the maximum of the Planetary Health Diet (5% of TPI) along with legume-based foods containing protein equivalent to 560 g/week of red meat (20% of TPI). TPI target was 18 E%. Four-day food records, blood, and 24-h urine samples were collected at baseline and endpoint.

Results

At the endpoint, the LEGUME group had higher intakes of fiber (g/MJ, P = 0.006), polyunsaturated fatty acids (E%, P < 0.001), and iron (mg/MJ, P < 0.001) compared to the MEAT group, but lower intakes of saturated fatty acids (E%, P = 0.012) and vitamin B12 (µg/MJ, P < 0.001). The LEGUME group had lower vitamin B12 status (holotranscobalamin, P = 0.022), iodine status (24-h urinary iodine excretion, P = 0.041), total and LDL cholesterol (both P < 0.001), and BMI and weight (both P = 0.009).

Conclusion

Implementing a moderate dietary shift by consuming more legumes and less RPM may beneficially affect biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases and weight in healthy working-age men while maintaining nutritional adequacy of iodine, iron, and vitamin B12 in the short term.

Trial Registration Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT04599920 in October 2020.