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Purpose <p>Dietary nitrate supplementation increases nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and reduces blood pressure (BP). Inter-individual differences in these responses are suspected but have not been investigated using robust designs, e.g., replicate crossover, and appropriate statistical models. We examined the within-individual consistency of the effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on NO biomarkers and BP, and quantified inter-individual response differences.</p> Methods <p>Fifteen healthy males visited the laboratory four times. On two visits, participants consumed 140&#xa0;ml nitrate-rich beetroot juice (~ 14.0mmol nitrate) and, on the other two visits, they consumed 140&#xa0;ml nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (~ 0.03mmol nitrate). Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations were measured 2.5&#xa0;h post-supplementation. BP was measured pre- and 2.5&#xa0;h post-supplementation. Between-replicate correlations were quantified for the placebo-adjusted post-supplementation plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and pre-to-post changes in BP. Within-participant linear mixed models and a meta-analytic approach estimated participant-by-condition treatment response variability.</p> Results <p>Nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation elevated plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and reduced systolic (mean:-7mmHg, 95%CI: -3 to -11mmHg) and diastolic (mean:-6mmHg, 95%CI: -2 to -9mmHg) BP <i>versus</i> placebo. The participant-by-condition interaction response variability from the mixed model was ± 7mmHg (95%CI: 3 to 9mmHg) for systolic BP and consistent with the treatment effect heterogeneity t = ± 7mmHg (95%CI: 5 to 12mmHg) derived from the meta-analytic approach. The between-replicate correlations were moderate-to-large for plasma nitrate, nitrite and systolic BP (<i>r</i> = 0.55 to 0.91).</p> Conclusions <p>The effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on NO biomarkers and systolic BP varied significantly from participant to participant. The causes of this inter-individual variation deserve further investigation. Trial registration: <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05514821">https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05514821</a>.</p>

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Inter-individual differences in the blood pressure lowering effects of dietary nitrate: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled replicate crossover trial

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月24日

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  • Eleanor Hayes,
  • Shatha Alhulaefi,
  • Mario Siervo,
  • Eleanor Whyte,
  • Rachel Kimble,
  • Jamie Matu,
  • Alex Griffiths,
  • Marc Sim,
  • Mia Burleigh,
  • Chris Easton,
  • Lorenzo Lolli,
  • Greg Atkinson,
  • John C. Mathers,
  • Oliver M. Shannon

摘要

Purpose

Dietary nitrate supplementation increases nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and reduces blood pressure (BP). Inter-individual differences in these responses are suspected but have not been investigated using robust designs, e.g., replicate crossover, and appropriate statistical models. We examined the within-individual consistency of the effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on NO biomarkers and BP, and quantified inter-individual response differences.

Methods

Fifteen healthy males visited the laboratory four times. On two visits, participants consumed 140 ml nitrate-rich beetroot juice (~ 14.0mmol nitrate) and, on the other two visits, they consumed 140 ml nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (~ 0.03mmol nitrate). Plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations were measured 2.5 h post-supplementation. BP was measured pre- and 2.5 h post-supplementation. Between-replicate correlations were quantified for the placebo-adjusted post-supplementation plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and pre-to-post changes in BP. Within-participant linear mixed models and a meta-analytic approach estimated participant-by-condition treatment response variability.

Results

Nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation elevated plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and reduced systolic (mean:-7mmHg, 95%CI: -3 to -11mmHg) and diastolic (mean:-6mmHg, 95%CI: -2 to -9mmHg) BP versus placebo. The participant-by-condition interaction response variability from the mixed model was ± 7mmHg (95%CI: 3 to 9mmHg) for systolic BP and consistent with the treatment effect heterogeneity t = ± 7mmHg (95%CI: 5 to 12mmHg) derived from the meta-analytic approach. The between-replicate correlations were moderate-to-large for plasma nitrate, nitrite and systolic BP (r = 0.55 to 0.91).

Conclusions

The effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on NO biomarkers and systolic BP varied significantly from participant to participant. The causes of this inter-individual variation deserve further investigation. Trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05514821.