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<p>The Mongolian Cyclone is a type of extratropical cyclone that commonly occurs in East Asia. In the eastern part of Inner Mongolia, China, over 70% of the dust weather is caused by strong Mongolian Cyclones in spring. The vertical structure of extratropical cyclones plays an important role in their development and associated impacts. The stronger the spring Mongolian Cyclones are, the less vertical tilt they exhibit. Then, there are notable differences in the vertical structures corresponding to strong and weak Mongolian Cyclones. The upper level of the strong Mongolian cyclone corresponds to a southerly and stronger polar front jet, and the potential vorticity (PV) anomaly in the upper level can penetrate down to 850&#xa0;hPa. At 500&#xa0;hPa, the corresponding East Asian trough is deeper, and the geopotential height anomaly field exhibits a “low in the west—high in the east” pattern. The moment when the vertical tilt of the Mongolian Cyclone reaches its minimum may correspond to its peak intensity. By analyzing the circulation background characteristics across different altitude levels, we can more effectively assess whether a Mongolian Cyclone is likely to intensify into a strong cyclone. Furthermore, the baroclinic conversion of the time-mean available potential energy to the synoptic-scale eddy available potential energy in the cyclone source region increases, resulting in the increase of vortex kinetic energy and the development of Mongolian cyclone intensity.</p>

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Characteristics of vertical structure and intensity of spring Mongolian cyclone

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • Jing Wang,
  • Lei Chen,
  • Shuanglin Li

摘要

The Mongolian Cyclone is a type of extratropical cyclone that commonly occurs in East Asia. In the eastern part of Inner Mongolia, China, over 70% of the dust weather is caused by strong Mongolian Cyclones in spring. The vertical structure of extratropical cyclones plays an important role in their development and associated impacts. The stronger the spring Mongolian Cyclones are, the less vertical tilt they exhibit. Then, there are notable differences in the vertical structures corresponding to strong and weak Mongolian Cyclones. The upper level of the strong Mongolian cyclone corresponds to a southerly and stronger polar front jet, and the potential vorticity (PV) anomaly in the upper level can penetrate down to 850 hPa. At 500 hPa, the corresponding East Asian trough is deeper, and the geopotential height anomaly field exhibits a “low in the west—high in the east” pattern. The moment when the vertical tilt of the Mongolian Cyclone reaches its minimum may correspond to its peak intensity. By analyzing the circulation background characteristics across different altitude levels, we can more effectively assess whether a Mongolian Cyclone is likely to intensify into a strong cyclone. Furthermore, the baroclinic conversion of the time-mean available potential energy to the synoptic-scale eddy available potential energy in the cyclone source region increases, resulting in the increase of vortex kinetic energy and the development of Mongolian cyclone intensity.