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<p><?tk 4?>The pre-flood season precipitation in South China during 2019 exhibited significant anomalies, characterized by an earlier onset, prolonged duration, and increased rainfall volume. Concurrently, the northern South China Sea experienced the most intense marine heatwave in nearly 30 years, which had a pronounced impact on the local short-term climate and ecosystems. In this paper, we utilize multi-source observational data and reanalysis datasets, in conjunction with the coupled Weather Research and Forecasting + Regional Ocean Modeling System (WRF + ROMS) model, to conduct a diagnostic analysis of this process. The results indicate that (1) the persistent heavy rainfall in early March was key to the early onset of the pre-flood season. The precipitation displayed the characteristics of warm-sector torrential rainfall. On the synoptic scale, the circulation featured coordinated upper and lower-level jets and the transport of warm and moist airflow along the edge of the subtropical high, providing favorable conditions for rainfall. (2) Atmospheric rivers were closely related to the pre-flood season precipitation in South China. Based on the PanLu2.0 algorithm, eight atmospheric river events were identified over South China in early March. The atmospheric rivers increased the atmospheric moisture and precipitable water through moisture convergence and vertical transport while also enhancing convective instability in the lower atmosphere, thereby storing energy for heavy rainfall. (3) The extreme marine heatwave in the northern South China Sea was a major driving factor of the anomalous precipitation. By affecting the lower atmosphere, the marine heatwave induced an anticyclonic circulation over eastern South China, enhancing the transport of water vapor from the South China Sea to the land and thereby significantly strengthening the atmospheric rivers. From the perspective of local ocean–atmosphere interactions, this study reveals the interaction mechanisms of marine heatwave, atmospheric river, and flood season precipitation. It provides a new perspective for understanding the anomalies of pre-flood season precipitation in South China and serves as a reference for studying the local climatic effects of marine heatwaves.</p>

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Impact of the 2019 Northern South China Sea marine heatwave and atmospheric rivers on pre-flood season precipitation in South China

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月4日

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  • Yuliang Zhou,
  • Wentao Jia,
  • Weimin Zhang,
  • Huizan Wang

摘要

The pre-flood season precipitation in South China during 2019 exhibited significant anomalies, characterized by an earlier onset, prolonged duration, and increased rainfall volume. Concurrently, the northern South China Sea experienced the most intense marine heatwave in nearly 30 years, which had a pronounced impact on the local short-term climate and ecosystems. In this paper, we utilize multi-source observational data and reanalysis datasets, in conjunction with the coupled Weather Research and Forecasting + Regional Ocean Modeling System (WRF + ROMS) model, to conduct a diagnostic analysis of this process. The results indicate that (1) the persistent heavy rainfall in early March was key to the early onset of the pre-flood season. The precipitation displayed the characteristics of warm-sector torrential rainfall. On the synoptic scale, the circulation featured coordinated upper and lower-level jets and the transport of warm and moist airflow along the edge of the subtropical high, providing favorable conditions for rainfall. (2) Atmospheric rivers were closely related to the pre-flood season precipitation in South China. Based on the PanLu2.0 algorithm, eight atmospheric river events were identified over South China in early March. The atmospheric rivers increased the atmospheric moisture and precipitable water through moisture convergence and vertical transport while also enhancing convective instability in the lower atmosphere, thereby storing energy for heavy rainfall. (3) The extreme marine heatwave in the northern South China Sea was a major driving factor of the anomalous precipitation. By affecting the lower atmosphere, the marine heatwave induced an anticyclonic circulation over eastern South China, enhancing the transport of water vapor from the South China Sea to the land and thereby significantly strengthening the atmospheric rivers. From the perspective of local ocean–atmosphere interactions, this study reveals the interaction mechanisms of marine heatwave, atmospheric river, and flood season precipitation. It provides a new perspective for understanding the anomalies of pre-flood season precipitation in South China and serves as a reference for studying the local climatic effects of marine heatwaves.