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<p>Tengchong, a significant mountainous border city situated at the southern end of the Hengduan Mountains, exhibits climate characteristics that are significantly influenced by monsoons and local thermal convection. This study utilized ground station precipitation observation data, L-band radar sounding, and ERA5 reanalysis datasets to investigate the precipitation characteristics in Tengchong during the dry and wet seasons from 2013 to 2022. It also analyzed how water vapor transport and changes in humidity impact precipitation. The research revealed notable differences in precipitation amount, precipitation days, and the number of affected stations between the dry and wet seasons in the region. Additionally, a significant disparity in precipitation was observed between the windward and leeward slopes. Here, the precipitation on the leeward slope was 79% of that on the windward slope, reflecting differences between systematic and local precipitation patterns. Systematic precipitation predominates in Tengchong, accounting for 62.6% of the total precipitation frequency, with such differences primarily manifesting in wet-season precipitation. This precipitation type is mainly influenced by convergent shear and the southern branch trough (SBT), although the influence range (in terms of the number of stations) of the southwest vortex is the highest. During local precipitation in the dry season, specific humidity is at its lowest, whereas it is also at its lowest in the southern branch trough system during the wet season. In years with abnormally high or low precipitation, notable changes are observed in the specific humidity of the SBT and local specific humidity during the dry season. In contrast, the changes in the specific humidity associated with the subtropical high and tropical cyclones are more pronounced during the wet season. These research findings enhance our understanding of precipitation changes in Tengchong, providing a scientific reference for strengthening the physical basis of forecasting and improving local severe convective weather forecasts.</p>

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Local and systematic precipitation in Tengchong of the Hengduan mountains

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月10日

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  • Lili Jin,
  • Ling Wang,
  • Yi Wang,
  • Zhenjie Li

摘要

Tengchong, a significant mountainous border city situated at the southern end of the Hengduan Mountains, exhibits climate characteristics that are significantly influenced by monsoons and local thermal convection. This study utilized ground station precipitation observation data, L-band radar sounding, and ERA5 reanalysis datasets to investigate the precipitation characteristics in Tengchong during the dry and wet seasons from 2013 to 2022. It also analyzed how water vapor transport and changes in humidity impact precipitation. The research revealed notable differences in precipitation amount, precipitation days, and the number of affected stations between the dry and wet seasons in the region. Additionally, a significant disparity in precipitation was observed between the windward and leeward slopes. Here, the precipitation on the leeward slope was 79% of that on the windward slope, reflecting differences between systematic and local precipitation patterns. Systematic precipitation predominates in Tengchong, accounting for 62.6% of the total precipitation frequency, with such differences primarily manifesting in wet-season precipitation. This precipitation type is mainly influenced by convergent shear and the southern branch trough (SBT), although the influence range (in terms of the number of stations) of the southwest vortex is the highest. During local precipitation in the dry season, specific humidity is at its lowest, whereas it is also at its lowest in the southern branch trough system during the wet season. In years with abnormally high or low precipitation, notable changes are observed in the specific humidity of the SBT and local specific humidity during the dry season. In contrast, the changes in the specific humidity associated with the subtropical high and tropical cyclones are more pronounced during the wet season. These research findings enhance our understanding of precipitation changes in Tengchong, providing a scientific reference for strengthening the physical basis of forecasting and improving local severe convective weather forecasts.