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<p>The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is characterized by a close coupling between intraseasonal convection and circulation anomalies across the Indo-Western Pacific, and a separation (decoupling) between these two fields near and east of the dateline. Utilizing twentieth-century reanalysis and pre-industrial control simulations, this study unveils significant multidecadal variability in the persistence and propagation of the MJO’s convection-circulation coupled structure. This is driven by changes in the background sea surface temperature (SST) over the equatorial central-eastern Pacific Ocean. During warmer (colder) SST phases, the MJO’s convection-circulation coupling strength is intensified (weakened), resulting in prolonged persistence (earlier decoupling) of the convection-circulation couplet over the Pacific Ocean. The multi-decadal variability of the SST pattern regulating the MJO’s coupling structure is largely attributed to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), which accounts for approximately 52% of the variance. In contrast, contributions from the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) are negligible. This result has deepened our understanding of the multi-decadal variations of the MJO.</p>

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Multi-decadal changes in convection-circulation coupled structure of the Madden–Julian oscillation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月10日

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  • Lu Wang,
  • Jiacheng Xia,
  • Pang-chi Hsu,
  • Xuan Zhou,
  • Ming Sun,
  • Lin Chen

摘要

The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is characterized by a close coupling between intraseasonal convection and circulation anomalies across the Indo-Western Pacific, and a separation (decoupling) between these two fields near and east of the dateline. Utilizing twentieth-century reanalysis and pre-industrial control simulations, this study unveils significant multidecadal variability in the persistence and propagation of the MJO’s convection-circulation coupled structure. This is driven by changes in the background sea surface temperature (SST) over the equatorial central-eastern Pacific Ocean. During warmer (colder) SST phases, the MJO’s convection-circulation coupling strength is intensified (weakened), resulting in prolonged persistence (earlier decoupling) of the convection-circulation couplet over the Pacific Ocean. The multi-decadal variability of the SST pattern regulating the MJO’s coupling structure is largely attributed to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), which accounts for approximately 52% of the variance. In contrast, contributions from the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) are negligible. This result has deepened our understanding of the multi-decadal variations of the MJO.