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<p>Over the past several decades, the Arctic sea ice melting season has significantly lengthened, primarily due to delayed freeze onset (FO). We identified the northern Chukchi and East Siberian Seas as the Arctic region with the most pronounced FO interannual variability and linked it to North Atlantic marine heatwaves (MHWs). Observations revealed that intense and persistent July MHWs near southeast Greenland (seGL) generated anomalous near-surface heating, propelling warm air masses to 300&#xa0;hPa (higher altitude) compared to the ~ 400–500&#xa0;hPa level influenced by general sea surface warming. This altered geopotential height gradient over seGL, thereby facilitating the downstream propagation of planetary-scale wave activity flux (WAF) in August, with the signal ultimately reaching the northern Chukchi and East Siberian Seas by September. The WAF-strengthened anticyclonic circulation induced abnormal descending warm airflow, resulting in delayed FO. This process combines water vapor transport-regulated thermodynamics (64%) and sea ice divergence effects (36%), collectively explaining FO interannual variability in this region (northern Chukchi and East Siberian Seas).</p>

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Effects of North Atlantic summer marine heatwaves on Arctic sea ice freeze-up delay: modulation by atmospheric teleconnections

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月13日

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  • Xuan Zhou,
  • Jie Su,
  • Tianhao Zhao,
  • Han Zhang,
  • Zhifeng Qu

摘要

Over the past several decades, the Arctic sea ice melting season has significantly lengthened, primarily due to delayed freeze onset (FO). We identified the northern Chukchi and East Siberian Seas as the Arctic region with the most pronounced FO interannual variability and linked it to North Atlantic marine heatwaves (MHWs). Observations revealed that intense and persistent July MHWs near southeast Greenland (seGL) generated anomalous near-surface heating, propelling warm air masses to 300 hPa (higher altitude) compared to the ~ 400–500 hPa level influenced by general sea surface warming. This altered geopotential height gradient over seGL, thereby facilitating the downstream propagation of planetary-scale wave activity flux (WAF) in August, with the signal ultimately reaching the northern Chukchi and East Siberian Seas by September. The WAF-strengthened anticyclonic circulation induced abnormal descending warm airflow, resulting in delayed FO. This process combines water vapor transport-regulated thermodynamics (64%) and sea ice divergence effects (36%), collectively explaining FO interannual variability in this region (northern Chukchi and East Siberian Seas).