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<p>Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) play a significant role in the Earth’s atmospheric system, particularly in the polar regions. The amount of PSCs significantly influence ozone chemistry and climate dynamics. This paper analyzes the unusually low PSCs frequency in the 2018/2019 Arctic winter using CALIPSO, ERA5, and MERRA-2 data from 2006 to 2020. The results indicate that the fraction of Arctic PSCs during 2018/2019 winter was only 0.15, mainly due to high temperature and the polar vortex. Moreover, the dominant factors for PSCs formation differed in various periods. Before the strong Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) event, the decrease in stratospheric condensation nuclei hindered PSCs formation. During the strong SSW event, warm air enveloped the stratosphere and intruded into the polar vortex, causing its splitting and the dissipation of PSCs within. After the strong SSW event, three consecutive weak SSW events occurred, causing a continuous rise in stratospheric temperature, which was not favorable for the formation of PSCs. The results show how complicated the formation of PSCs is and the importance of understanding the interplay between atmospheric conditions and PSCs formation, which is vital for predicting future changes in polar ozone and climate systems.</p>

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Reasons for unusually low fraction of Arctic stratospheric cloud in 2018/2019 winter

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月30日

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  • Wencai Wang,
  • Yuejie Ma,
  • Zhixin Zhao,
  • Jiahao Zhang,
  • Shuying Li

摘要

Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) play a significant role in the Earth’s atmospheric system, particularly in the polar regions. The amount of PSCs significantly influence ozone chemistry and climate dynamics. This paper analyzes the unusually low PSCs frequency in the 2018/2019 Arctic winter using CALIPSO, ERA5, and MERRA-2 data from 2006 to 2020. The results indicate that the fraction of Arctic PSCs during 2018/2019 winter was only 0.15, mainly due to high temperature and the polar vortex. Moreover, the dominant factors for PSCs formation differed in various periods. Before the strong Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) event, the decrease in stratospheric condensation nuclei hindered PSCs formation. During the strong SSW event, warm air enveloped the stratosphere and intruded into the polar vortex, causing its splitting and the dissipation of PSCs within. After the strong SSW event, three consecutive weak SSW events occurred, causing a continuous rise in stratospheric temperature, which was not favorable for the formation of PSCs. The results show how complicated the formation of PSCs is and the importance of understanding the interplay between atmospheric conditions and PSCs formation, which is vital for predicting future changes in polar ozone and climate systems.