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<p>Ocean reanalysis products are increasingly utilized in polar research, yet their applicability in the Arctic requires updated evaluation due to significant advancements in the past 5 years. This study comparatively assesses the performance of nine ocean reanalysis products using observational datasets, focusing on key oceanic and sea ice parameters. The findings indicate that all reanalysis products effectively capture interannual and seasonal variations in sea surface temperature. Among these, the CORA series and C-GLORSv7 represent vertical ocean temperature variations well, while CORAv1.0 and GREPv2 demonstrate outstanding capability in characterizing ocean heat content. Sea surface salinity shows a positive bias across products, with TOPAZ4 achieving the lowest root mean square error and highest correlation coefficient for both sea surface salinity and ocean salt content. TOPAZ4 performs well at 0–100&#xa0;m, GLORYS2V4 at 100–300&#xa0;m, while ORAS5 and GREPv2 perform well at both 0–100&#xa0;m and 100–300&#xa0;m, and C-GLORSv7 capture vertical mean ocean salinity well at 300–3000&#xa0;m. The ocean reanalysis products generally exhibit negative mixed layer depth anomalies, with ORAS5 outperforming others. The products display a consistently declining sea ice trend aligned with ESACCI satellite observations. Sea ice concentration and extent from GREPv2 and ORAS5 perform exceptionally well. The spatial distribution of the mean ice edge in September highlights a pronounced poleward retreat of sea ice, with the Northern Sea Route becoming fully navigable in recent years. Additionally, TOPAZ4 closely matches CS2SMOS satellite observations.</p>

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Comparative analysis of multiple ocean reanalysis datasets in the Arctic

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月2日

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  • Chenchen Yao,
  • Yu Yan,
  • Yuqing Zhou,
  • Zhijie Xiong,
  • Yingjun Xu,
  • Petteri Uotila

摘要

Ocean reanalysis products are increasingly utilized in polar research, yet their applicability in the Arctic requires updated evaluation due to significant advancements in the past 5 years. This study comparatively assesses the performance of nine ocean reanalysis products using observational datasets, focusing on key oceanic and sea ice parameters. The findings indicate that all reanalysis products effectively capture interannual and seasonal variations in sea surface temperature. Among these, the CORA series and C-GLORSv7 represent vertical ocean temperature variations well, while CORAv1.0 and GREPv2 demonstrate outstanding capability in characterizing ocean heat content. Sea surface salinity shows a positive bias across products, with TOPAZ4 achieving the lowest root mean square error and highest correlation coefficient for both sea surface salinity and ocean salt content. TOPAZ4 performs well at 0–100 m, GLORYS2V4 at 100–300 m, while ORAS5 and GREPv2 perform well at both 0–100 m and 100–300 m, and C-GLORSv7 capture vertical mean ocean salinity well at 300–3000 m. The ocean reanalysis products generally exhibit negative mixed layer depth anomalies, with ORAS5 outperforming others. The products display a consistently declining sea ice trend aligned with ESACCI satellite observations. Sea ice concentration and extent from GREPv2 and ORAS5 perform exceptionally well. The spatial distribution of the mean ice edge in September highlights a pronounced poleward retreat of sea ice, with the Northern Sea Route becoming fully navigable in recent years. Additionally, TOPAZ4 closely matches CS2SMOS satellite observations.