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<p>The subtropical oceanic frontal zone (STFZ) is one of the key system of the air-sea interactions in the North Pacific. Previous studies have primarily focused on the evolution of the STFZ and its atmospheric impacts on seasonal and interannual scales, mainly using seasonal mean analyses. However, seasonal mean analyses generally reflect equilibrium states, which limit insights into transient processes. By utilizing daily observational and reanalysis data, this study identifies the mechanisms driving the evolution of STFZ intensity variability on a daily timescale. The growth and decay of the daily STFZ intensity variability are both characterized by the dipolar SST anomalies. The condition of the Aleutian Low regulates the transition between the growth and decay phases of daily STFZ intensity variability. The southward movement of the Aleutian low drives the growth of the daily STFZ intensity variability, while the weakening of the Aleutian low leads to its decay. During the growth phase, net surface heat flux plays a dominant role, whereas both surface heat flux and Ekman convergence contribute to its decay. During the decay phase, the warm SST anomalies associated with the STFZ induce warming of near-surface air temperature via reversal of the surface turbulent heat flux, demonstrating the influence of the daily STFZ on the overlying atmosphere within a month. These warm near-surface air temperature anomalies contribute to the enhancement of the near-surface baroclinicity and synoptic transient eddies. Our comprehensive analysis associated with the STFZ, using daily data, may enhance the understanding of extratropical ocean–atmosphere interactions in the North Pacific.</p>

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Evolution of the daily subtropical oceanic front variability and its impacts on near-surface atmosphere in the wintertime North Pacific

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月8日

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  • Jing Huang,
  • Yang Zhang,
  • Xin Wang,
  • Xiu-Qun Yang

摘要

The subtropical oceanic frontal zone (STFZ) is one of the key system of the air-sea interactions in the North Pacific. Previous studies have primarily focused on the evolution of the STFZ and its atmospheric impacts on seasonal and interannual scales, mainly using seasonal mean analyses. However, seasonal mean analyses generally reflect equilibrium states, which limit insights into transient processes. By utilizing daily observational and reanalysis data, this study identifies the mechanisms driving the evolution of STFZ intensity variability on a daily timescale. The growth and decay of the daily STFZ intensity variability are both characterized by the dipolar SST anomalies. The condition of the Aleutian Low regulates the transition between the growth and decay phases of daily STFZ intensity variability. The southward movement of the Aleutian low drives the growth of the daily STFZ intensity variability, while the weakening of the Aleutian low leads to its decay. During the growth phase, net surface heat flux plays a dominant role, whereas both surface heat flux and Ekman convergence contribute to its decay. During the decay phase, the warm SST anomalies associated with the STFZ induce warming of near-surface air temperature via reversal of the surface turbulent heat flux, demonstrating the influence of the daily STFZ on the overlying atmosphere within a month. These warm near-surface air temperature anomalies contribute to the enhancement of the near-surface baroclinicity and synoptic transient eddies. Our comprehensive analysis associated with the STFZ, using daily data, may enhance the understanding of extratropical ocean–atmosphere interactions in the North Pacific.