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<p>The ocean circulation is of vital importance in modulating the physical and biogeochemical conditions of Earth at regional and global scales. Using 59 years (1958‒2016) of high-resolution model outputs, we investigate the long-term changes of the winter circulation in the Yellow Sea, which is an important midlatitude semi-enclosed shelf sea between China and the Korean Peninsula. The results indicate that the volume transports of the northward Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) in the central area and southward coastal currents have largely decreased since early 1960s by 6.8‒28.4% and 3.1‒28.4%, respectively, which are most significant at approximately 35°N inside the Yellow Sea. The largest magnitudes of the volume transport trend are 1.67 × 10<sup>‒3</sup> Sv a<sup>‒1</sup> for the YSWC and 1.47 × 10<sup>‒3</sup> Sv a<sup>‒1</sup> for coastal currents. The weakening of the Yellow Sea winter circulation is caused by the poleward expansion of the Northern Hemisphere Hadley Cell (NHC) over the eastern China seas. The descending branch of the winter NHC moves northward and leads to anomalous descending air motions over the Yellow Sea and adjacent areas. The descending air anomalies reach the southeastern North Yellow Sea at the sea surface. The resultant anticyclonic surface wind anomalies generate a large-scale cyclonic gyre anomaly in the Yellow Sea, which then causes the weakening of the northward YSWC in the west and southward coastal currents in the east. The current study advances our understanding of how global shelf sea dynamics responds to past and future climate changes.</p>

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The poleward expansion of the Hadley Cell has weakened the winter circulation in a midlatitude semi-enclosed shelf sea over the past six decades

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月30日

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  • Fangguo Zhai,
  • Hao Li,
  • Yanping Ma,
  • Yucheng Wang,
  • Yujie Dong,
  • Zizhou Liu,
  • Yanzhen Gu,
  • Peiliang Li

摘要

The ocean circulation is of vital importance in modulating the physical and biogeochemical conditions of Earth at regional and global scales. Using 59 years (1958‒2016) of high-resolution model outputs, we investigate the long-term changes of the winter circulation in the Yellow Sea, which is an important midlatitude semi-enclosed shelf sea between China and the Korean Peninsula. The results indicate that the volume transports of the northward Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) in the central area and southward coastal currents have largely decreased since early 1960s by 6.8‒28.4% and 3.1‒28.4%, respectively, which are most significant at approximately 35°N inside the Yellow Sea. The largest magnitudes of the volume transport trend are 1.67 × 10‒3 Sv a‒1 for the YSWC and 1.47 × 10‒3 Sv a‒1 for coastal currents. The weakening of the Yellow Sea winter circulation is caused by the poleward expansion of the Northern Hemisphere Hadley Cell (NHC) over the eastern China seas. The descending branch of the winter NHC moves northward and leads to anomalous descending air motions over the Yellow Sea and adjacent areas. The descending air anomalies reach the southeastern North Yellow Sea at the sea surface. The resultant anticyclonic surface wind anomalies generate a large-scale cyclonic gyre anomaly in the Yellow Sea, which then causes the weakening of the northward YSWC in the west and southward coastal currents in the east. The current study advances our understanding of how global shelf sea dynamics responds to past and future climate changes.