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<p>The present study investigates rainfall variability within the Chambal River basin over the past four decades (1980–2024), focusing on its major sub-basins: Upper Chambal, Banas, Parbati, Kalisindh, and Lower Chambal. The gridded precipitation and temperature datasets were used to compute multiple drought indices- Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), and Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI). Cross Wavelet Analysis (CWA) and correlation- regression methods were employed to examine the precipitation teleconnections with large-scale climatic indices such as; Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI). The analysis revealed widespread extreme drought conditions in 1987 and 2002 across all sub-basins, with Banas basin experiencing most severe impacts. Other notable drought years include 1984, 1989, 2000, 2006, 2009 and 2017 across specific sub-basins. In contrast, severe and extreme wet events were recorded in 2013, 2019 and 2024, with intense flooding in the various sub-basins of&#xa0;Chambal. The CWA and correlation- regression&#xa0;results &#xa0;indicated strong correlation between MEI and precipitation during drought years and between SST/IOD during flood years, underscoring the influence of global climatic oscillations on precipitation variability. Furthermore, extensive Badlands have also been identified in the Banas River basin, where tectonic uplift and/or intense monsoonal erosion has caused deep gullies and ravines. The land degradation and deep channel incision have rendered large areas unsuitable for agriculture, leading to significant socio-economic losses. Given the alarming rate of land degradation, the policymakers and researchers need to prioritize the reclamation strategies to address land degradation in the Chambal Basin.</p>

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Quantitative evaluation of decadal scale climatic variability in the Chambal River Basin; focus on the Banas Badlands

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月27日

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  • Manisha Gupta,
  • M. R. Resmi

摘要

The present study investigates rainfall variability within the Chambal River basin over the past four decades (1980–2024), focusing on its major sub-basins: Upper Chambal, Banas, Parbati, Kalisindh, and Lower Chambal. The gridded precipitation and temperature datasets were used to compute multiple drought indices- Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), and Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI). Cross Wavelet Analysis (CWA) and correlation- regression methods were employed to examine the precipitation teleconnections with large-scale climatic indices such as; Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI). The analysis revealed widespread extreme drought conditions in 1987 and 2002 across all sub-basins, with Banas basin experiencing most severe impacts. Other notable drought years include 1984, 1989, 2000, 2006, 2009 and 2017 across specific sub-basins. In contrast, severe and extreme wet events were recorded in 2013, 2019 and 2024, with intense flooding in the various sub-basins of Chambal. The CWA and correlation- regression results  indicated strong correlation between MEI and precipitation during drought years and between SST/IOD during flood years, underscoring the influence of global climatic oscillations on precipitation variability. Furthermore, extensive Badlands have also been identified in the Banas River basin, where tectonic uplift and/or intense monsoonal erosion has caused deep gullies and ravines. The land degradation and deep channel incision have rendered large areas unsuitable for agriculture, leading to significant socio-economic losses. Given the alarming rate of land degradation, the policymakers and researchers need to prioritize the reclamation strategies to address land degradation in the Chambal Basin.