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<p>Spring tripole sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the North Atlantic are an outstanding regional mode of interannual climate variability in association with spring North Atlantic Oscillation. Based on the observed and reanalyzed datasets during 1960–2020, this study investigates the relationship between the spring tripole North Atlantic SST (TNAT) anomalies and the following peak summer (July–August) western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH). The results show that the ‘+ − +’ TNAT anomalies in spring could induce a strengthened WNPSH in the following peak summer. However, such a climatic effect of spring TNAT anomalies on WNPSH is unstable, exhibiting an evident interdecadal strengthening since the middle 1990s. This is due to a strengthened intensity of spring TNAT anomalies in recent decades. Compared to the early epoch (1960–1995), stronger spring TNAT anomalies in the post epoch (1996–2020) could cause a stronger pan-tropical climate response until the following peak summer through a series of ocean–atmosphere interactions, with the prominent cooling over the central Pacific and warming over the Maritime Continent in response to the ‘+ − +’ TNAT anomalies. This helps maintain an anomalous anticyclone over the Northwest Pacific via the Walker circulation adjustment and Rossby wave response. As a result, the WNPSH is significantly enhanced since the middle 1990s. By contrast, in the early epoch, spring TNAT anomalies are relatively weaker, inducing weaker pan-tropical ocean–atmosphere interactions and thus less change in the WNPSH. Our results highlight a strengthened lagged effect of spring TNAT anomalies on the following peak summer WNPSH.</p>

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Strengthened impact of the spring North Atlantic tripole sea surface temperature anomalies on the following peak summer western North Pacific subtropical high since the middle 1990s

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月5日

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  • Lin Chen,
  • Gen Li

摘要

Spring tripole sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the North Atlantic are an outstanding regional mode of interannual climate variability in association with spring North Atlantic Oscillation. Based on the observed and reanalyzed datasets during 1960–2020, this study investigates the relationship between the spring tripole North Atlantic SST (TNAT) anomalies and the following peak summer (July–August) western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH). The results show that the ‘+ − +’ TNAT anomalies in spring could induce a strengthened WNPSH in the following peak summer. However, such a climatic effect of spring TNAT anomalies on WNPSH is unstable, exhibiting an evident interdecadal strengthening since the middle 1990s. This is due to a strengthened intensity of spring TNAT anomalies in recent decades. Compared to the early epoch (1960–1995), stronger spring TNAT anomalies in the post epoch (1996–2020) could cause a stronger pan-tropical climate response until the following peak summer through a series of ocean–atmosphere interactions, with the prominent cooling over the central Pacific and warming over the Maritime Continent in response to the ‘+ − +’ TNAT anomalies. This helps maintain an anomalous anticyclone over the Northwest Pacific via the Walker circulation adjustment and Rossby wave response. As a result, the WNPSH is significantly enhanced since the middle 1990s. By contrast, in the early epoch, spring TNAT anomalies are relatively weaker, inducing weaker pan-tropical ocean–atmosphere interactions and thus less change in the WNPSH. Our results highlight a strengthened lagged effect of spring TNAT anomalies on the following peak summer WNPSH.