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<p>Present study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding about the cloud microphysical parameters and its association with the Indian Summer Monsoon rainfall over the North West Himalayan (NWH) region using decade-long remotely sensed observations from GPM-GMI and DPR. This study unfolds that clouds with an echo-top height of about 14&#xa0;km develop over the NWH region during the summer monsoon along with melting layer located at 6&#xa0;km altitude. Vertical profile of Dual Frequency Ratio broadly indicates that three classes of hydrometeors, namely water phase, mixed phase and ice phase hydrometeors constitute the monsoon clouds over this region. Maximum concentration as well as larger-sized hydrometeors are mostly present in the melting layer band. Although the larger-sized hydrometeors are mostly available for convective rain, contrastingly concentration of hydrometeors is more for stratiform rain. Spatial pattern of cloud microphysical parameters characterizes a dual band structure over Uttarakhand and a single band over Himachal Pradesh and Jammu &amp; Kashmir at monthly and seasonal scales, barring Cloud Liquid Water (CLW). However, no such bands for any of the microphysical variables are observed over Ladakh region. Furthermore, it is noted that convective rainfall predominantly occurs at elevations of less than 2000&#xa0;m, but stratiform rainfall is observed up to 4000&#xa0;m height. Presence of rainfall as well as other microphysical parameters become insignificant beyond 4000&#xa0;m elevation. Statistically robust tests revealed that microphysical parameters are significantly correlated with the amount of rainfall and undergo substantial changes in their characteristics during contrasting monsoon conditions. Present study is the first-ever comprehensive attempt to examine cloud reflectivity and microphysical parameters over the complex mountainous topography of the North Western Himalayan region using space borne observations. The outcomes of this study would have implications to identify suitable microphysics parameterization for improved weather forecast over topographically complex North-west Himalayan region.</p>

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Cloud reflectivity and hydrometeors profile characterization over the North-West Himalayan region based on decade-long GPM- GMI and DPR observations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月9日

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  • Ahana Mukhopadhyay,
  • Charu Singh

摘要

Present study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding about the cloud microphysical parameters and its association with the Indian Summer Monsoon rainfall over the North West Himalayan (NWH) region using decade-long remotely sensed observations from GPM-GMI and DPR. This study unfolds that clouds with an echo-top height of about 14 km develop over the NWH region during the summer monsoon along with melting layer located at 6 km altitude. Vertical profile of Dual Frequency Ratio broadly indicates that three classes of hydrometeors, namely water phase, mixed phase and ice phase hydrometeors constitute the monsoon clouds over this region. Maximum concentration as well as larger-sized hydrometeors are mostly present in the melting layer band. Although the larger-sized hydrometeors are mostly available for convective rain, contrastingly concentration of hydrometeors is more for stratiform rain. Spatial pattern of cloud microphysical parameters characterizes a dual band structure over Uttarakhand and a single band over Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir at monthly and seasonal scales, barring Cloud Liquid Water (CLW). However, no such bands for any of the microphysical variables are observed over Ladakh region. Furthermore, it is noted that convective rainfall predominantly occurs at elevations of less than 2000 m, but stratiform rainfall is observed up to 4000 m height. Presence of rainfall as well as other microphysical parameters become insignificant beyond 4000 m elevation. Statistically robust tests revealed that microphysical parameters are significantly correlated with the amount of rainfall and undergo substantial changes in their characteristics during contrasting monsoon conditions. Present study is the first-ever comprehensive attempt to examine cloud reflectivity and microphysical parameters over the complex mountainous topography of the North Western Himalayan region using space borne observations. The outcomes of this study would have implications to identify suitable microphysics parameterization for improved weather forecast over topographically complex North-west Himalayan region.