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<p>Ferromanganese formations (FMF) are one of the major types of mineral deposits on the Eastern Arctic Shelf; however, there is no consensus on the mechanism of concretion formation and the source of ore and microelements to the FMF. Therefore, it is important to conduct a comprehensive study of the patterns of changes in the composition of FMF as a function of environmental conditions. Four representative ferromanganese formations collected from the shallow semi-enclosed Chaunskaya Bay (East Siberian Sea) were studied by inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry and X-ray powder diffraction to determine the origin and correlation of their composition with the regional conditions of sedimentation. The formations are completely composed of an iron X-ray amorphous phase (up to 90-95%), chlorite, quartz, and plagioclase. All samples were characterized by the high Fe contents (up to 28.9 wt%) compared to the Mn (0.27-13.0 wt%) and phosphorus contents (up to 4 wt%), which can be explained by the binding of the element in a mineral phase. The average REE content was 117&#xa0;mg/kg, significantly lower than that in Arctic Ocean ferromenganese crusts, whereas comparable to that in nodules from the Kara and Chukchi seas. The post-Archean Australian shale normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns of the studied samples showed the slight predominance enrichment of medium and heavy REE and the negative Ce anomalies. Comprehensive geochemical and mineralogical data indicate that the studied formations are of diagenetic origin with additional input of ore material from the submarine hydrothermal vent.</p>

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Ferromanganese formations of the Chaunskaya Bay (East Siberian Sea): geochemistry and mineralogy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月30日

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  • Valentina Sattarova,
  • Kirill Aksentov,
  • Ivan Kirichenko,
  • Elena Yaroshchuk,
  • Alexandr Charkin,
  • Natalia Zarubina,
  • Leonid Miroshnichenko

摘要

Ferromanganese formations (FMF) are one of the major types of mineral deposits on the Eastern Arctic Shelf; however, there is no consensus on the mechanism of concretion formation and the source of ore and microelements to the FMF. Therefore, it is important to conduct a comprehensive study of the patterns of changes in the composition of FMF as a function of environmental conditions. Four representative ferromanganese formations collected from the shallow semi-enclosed Chaunskaya Bay (East Siberian Sea) were studied by inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry and X-ray powder diffraction to determine the origin and correlation of their composition with the regional conditions of sedimentation. The formations are completely composed of an iron X-ray amorphous phase (up to 90-95%), chlorite, quartz, and plagioclase. All samples were characterized by the high Fe contents (up to 28.9 wt%) compared to the Mn (0.27-13.0 wt%) and phosphorus contents (up to 4 wt%), which can be explained by the binding of the element in a mineral phase. The average REE content was 117 mg/kg, significantly lower than that in Arctic Ocean ferromenganese crusts, whereas comparable to that in nodules from the Kara and Chukchi seas. The post-Archean Australian shale normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns of the studied samples showed the slight predominance enrichment of medium and heavy REE and the negative Ce anomalies. Comprehensive geochemical and mineralogical data indicate that the studied formations are of diagenetic origin with additional input of ore material from the submarine hydrothermal vent.