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<p>Reinforced concrete sunk wells are frequently used in general, industrial, and water-engineering construction. However, the sinking process presents an engineering challenge due to the complex interaction between the well structure and heterogeneous soil, particularly in the presence of groundwater. Under normal conditions, a circular well behaves as a thick-walled cylinder under uniform compression, but for larger diameters or during tilting, the effects of bending must also be considered. During sinking, it acts as a tube with free ends, and after constructing the bottom plug, it transforms into a cylindrical tank. Therefore, the analysis should account for the spatial behavior of the structure and its changing static conditions. Traditional analytical and empirical methods often fail to capture the variability of stresses and uplift forces during the sinking process. This study presents a finite element analysis of reinforced concrete sunk well under different soil conditions. A custom-built axisymmetric FEM model was developed in MATLAB to simulate the gradual lowering of a well with a diameter of 6&#xa0;m, a depth of 6&#xa0;m, and wall thickness of 30&#xa0;cm. The model included analytically defined lateral earth pressure, buoyant uplift, and frictional resistance at the well–soil interface. The results showed that the most unfavorable stress states occur in stratified soils with soft-plastic layers and a high groundwater level, while dense non-cohesive soils provide the most favorable stress distribution. The study confirms the effectiveness of the FEM method in designing safe and reliable sunk well structures.</p>

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Transient bending amplification during lowering of reinforced concrete sunk wells under stratified soil and groundwater effects

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • Anna Szymczak-Graczyk,
  • Tomasz Garbowski

摘要

Reinforced concrete sunk wells are frequently used in general, industrial, and water-engineering construction. However, the sinking process presents an engineering challenge due to the complex interaction between the well structure and heterogeneous soil, particularly in the presence of groundwater. Under normal conditions, a circular well behaves as a thick-walled cylinder under uniform compression, but for larger diameters or during tilting, the effects of bending must also be considered. During sinking, it acts as a tube with free ends, and after constructing the bottom plug, it transforms into a cylindrical tank. Therefore, the analysis should account for the spatial behavior of the structure and its changing static conditions. Traditional analytical and empirical methods often fail to capture the variability of stresses and uplift forces during the sinking process. This study presents a finite element analysis of reinforced concrete sunk well under different soil conditions. A custom-built axisymmetric FEM model was developed in MATLAB to simulate the gradual lowering of a well with a diameter of 6 m, a depth of 6 m, and wall thickness of 30 cm. The model included analytically defined lateral earth pressure, buoyant uplift, and frictional resistance at the well–soil interface. The results showed that the most unfavorable stress states occur in stratified soils with soft-plastic layers and a high groundwater level, while dense non-cohesive soils provide the most favorable stress distribution. The study confirms the effectiveness of the FEM method in designing safe and reliable sunk well structures.