A high-dimensional single-index regression for interactions between treatment and covariates

This paper explores a methodology for dimension reduction in regression models for a treatment outcome, specifically to capture covariates’ moderating impact on the treatment-outcome association. The motivation behind this stems from the field of precision medicine, where a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between a treatment variable and pretreatment covariates is essential for developing individualized treatment regimes (ITRs). We provide a review of sufficient dimension reduction methods suitable for capturing treatment-covariate interactions and establish connections with linear model-based approaches for the proposed model. Within the framework of single-index regression models, we introduce a sparse estimation method for a dimension reduction vector to tackle the challenges posed by high-dimensional covariate data. Our methods offer insights into dimension reduction techniques specifically for interaction analysis, by providing a semiparametric framework for approximating the minimally sufficient subspace for interactions.