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<p>Small mammals in the temperate zone often face environmental changes such as photoperiod and temperature, that may influence hematological parameters, innate immunity, and cytokines, all of which are indicative of host immunity and reflective of overall health. In order to test the winter immunoenhancement hypothesis which states that animals use short day length to up-regulate immune responses in winter, 34 adult female striped hamsters (<i>Cricetulus barabensis</i>) were randomly divided into long day (16&#xa0;L:8D) and short day (8&#xa0;L:16D) treatment groups, which were further assigned to either mild (23 ± 1℃) or low temperature (5 ± 1℃) treatment groups, respectively. We found that low temperature treatment, regardless of photoperiod, significantly increased red blood cell (RBC), and haematocrit (PCV), haemoglobin concentrations (HGB), and short photoperiod also increased RBC and PCV, implying their enhancing effect on the oxygen-transport in hamsters. However, low temperature treatment, but not photoperiod, decreased white blood cells (WBC), intermediate granulocytes (MID), percent of intermediate granulocytes (MID%), neutrophil granulocytes (GRAN), and percent of neutrophil granulocytes (GRAN%), suggesting its suppressive effect on immune function. In addition, bacteria killing capacity indicative of innate immunity increased in short day hamsters, which supported the winter immunoenhancement hypothesis. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) was reduced in low temperature-adapted hamsters, while IL-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon-γ (INF-γ) were not affected by low temperature treatment or short day length. Overall, low temperature and photoperiod exerted different influences on hematological parameters, innate immunity, and cytokines in striped hamsters.</p>

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Low temperature and short photoperiod exerted different influences on hematological parameters, innate immunity, and cytokines in female striped hamsters

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月21日

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  • De-Li Xu,
  • Xiao-Kai Hu

摘要

Small mammals in the temperate zone often face environmental changes such as photoperiod and temperature, that may influence hematological parameters, innate immunity, and cytokines, all of which are indicative of host immunity and reflective of overall health. In order to test the winter immunoenhancement hypothesis which states that animals use short day length to up-regulate immune responses in winter, 34 adult female striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) were randomly divided into long day (16 L:8D) and short day (8 L:16D) treatment groups, which were further assigned to either mild (23 ± 1℃) or low temperature (5 ± 1℃) treatment groups, respectively. We found that low temperature treatment, regardless of photoperiod, significantly increased red blood cell (RBC), and haematocrit (PCV), haemoglobin concentrations (HGB), and short photoperiod also increased RBC and PCV, implying their enhancing effect on the oxygen-transport in hamsters. However, low temperature treatment, but not photoperiod, decreased white blood cells (WBC), intermediate granulocytes (MID), percent of intermediate granulocytes (MID%), neutrophil granulocytes (GRAN), and percent of neutrophil granulocytes (GRAN%), suggesting its suppressive effect on immune function. In addition, bacteria killing capacity indicative of innate immunity increased in short day hamsters, which supported the winter immunoenhancement hypothesis. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) was reduced in low temperature-adapted hamsters, while IL-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon-γ (INF-γ) were not affected by low temperature treatment or short day length. Overall, low temperature and photoperiod exerted different influences on hematological parameters, innate immunity, and cytokines in striped hamsters.