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Purpose <p>To evaluate the educational validity of two bench-top simulators for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) and Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURB), focusing on their realism, ergonomics, and relevance for structured endourology training.</p> Materials and methods <p>Fourteen expert endourologists from multiple European centers assessed both simulators during the European Association of Urology Residents Education Programme (EUREP) 2025. Face validity and content validity were evaluated using 4-point Likert questionnaires. Item-level (I-CVI) and scale-level (S-CVI/Ave) content validity indices were calculated for all items and adjusted for core procedural skills.</p> Results <p>Experts rated both simulators highly for anatomical realism, tissue handling, and overall utility (mean scores &gt; 3.5/4). The TURP simulator achieved an adjusted S-CVI/Ave of 0.92 and the TURB simulator 0.97, indicating excellent consensus on their educational adequacy for key procedural steps. Non-modeled features such as bleeding, obturator reflex, and energy modulation received low ratings, reflecting inherent limitations of bench-top simulation. Both models were considered effective for practicing instrument handling and resection depth control in a risk-free, standardized environment.</p> Conclusions <p>The TURP and TURB simulators demonstrated strong face and content validity for core resection training. Their modular, non-biological, and reproducible design supports safe, structured skill acquisition and competency assessment in endourology curricula, offering a practical bridge between theoretical learning and clinical performance.</p>

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Face and content validation of TURP and TURB simulation models: an EAU European School of Urology (ESU) Lower Urinary Tract Endoscopy Working Group Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • Tarik Emre Sener,
  • Tiago Ribeiro de Oliveira,
  • Engin Denizhan Demirkiran,
  • Davide Perri,
  • Sergio Pereira,
  • Juan Pablo Caballero,
  • Luis Osorio,
  • Ioannis Goumas Kartalas,
  • Rodrigo Ramos,
  • Afonso Sousa Castro,
  • Daniel Oliveira Reis,
  • Marco Paciotti,
  • Paramananthan Mariappan,
  • Pietro Diana,
  • Laurian Dragos,
  • Domenico Veneziano,
  • Chandra Shekhar Biyani,
  • Bhaskar Somani,
  • Evangelos Liatsikos

摘要

Purpose

To evaluate the educational validity of two bench-top simulators for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) and Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURB), focusing on their realism, ergonomics, and relevance for structured endourology training.

Materials and methods

Fourteen expert endourologists from multiple European centers assessed both simulators during the European Association of Urology Residents Education Programme (EUREP) 2025. Face validity and content validity were evaluated using 4-point Likert questionnaires. Item-level (I-CVI) and scale-level (S-CVI/Ave) content validity indices were calculated for all items and adjusted for core procedural skills.

Results

Experts rated both simulators highly for anatomical realism, tissue handling, and overall utility (mean scores > 3.5/4). The TURP simulator achieved an adjusted S-CVI/Ave of 0.92 and the TURB simulator 0.97, indicating excellent consensus on their educational adequacy for key procedural steps. Non-modeled features such as bleeding, obturator reflex, and energy modulation received low ratings, reflecting inherent limitations of bench-top simulation. Both models were considered effective for practicing instrument handling and resection depth control in a risk-free, standardized environment.

Conclusions

The TURP and TURB simulators demonstrated strong face and content validity for core resection training. Their modular, non-biological, and reproducible design supports safe, structured skill acquisition and competency assessment in endourology curricula, offering a practical bridge between theoretical learning and clinical performance.