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<p>The Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot, offer an untapped reservoir of plant-associated rhizobacteria with potential for sustainable crop management. The isolation and characterization of rhizobacteria from rhizospheric soils of diverse crops in the Western Ghats identified <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> strain B281 as a potent biocontrol agent against <i>Bipolaris maydis</i>, the cause of maize leaf blight. Among 43 isolates, B281 exhibited plant growth-enhancing traits including indole-3-acetic acid (25.97&#xa0;µg/mL), phosphate solubilization (123.75&#xa0;mg/L), siderophore production, and ammonia synthesis. In vitro antagonism assays showed that B281 inhibited <i>B. maydis</i> by 57.18%. GC–MS-based metabolomic and volatilomic profiling revealed a diverse spectrum of bioactive volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including hydrocarbon derivatives (e.g., dodecane, 2,6,10-trimethyl- and eicosane) and fatty acids such as hexadecanoic acid, which are associated with antimicrobial activity and microbial interactions. GC–MS profiling was included as preliminary metabolite profiling of B281 culture filtrate. Under glasshouse conditions, maize seed bioprimed with B281 showed significant growth enhancement, with shoot lengths reaching 109&#xa0;cm and a 68.41% reduction in disease severity. B281 also induced systemic resistance, evidenced by elevated peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, callose, and lignin deposition. Other promising isolates included <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> B263, which showed strong IAA production (65&#xa0;µg/mL) and 51.83% fungal inhibition, also showed good phosphate solubilization (98.25&#xa0;mg/L) and moderate ammonia and siderophore production and <i>Bacillus cereus</i> B216, B292, and B246, all of which exhibited moderate antagonism along with effective phosphorus solubilization and siderophore production. These findings highlight B281 These findings highlight B281 as a as a lead candidate for bioformulation development including metabolite-rich, eco-friendly bioinoculant with dual functionality for maize growth promotion and maydis leaf blight suppression and suggest that other native isolates from the Western Ghats may also serve as valuable components in integrated disease management strategies for maize.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Functional and Metabolomics Insights into Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B281 as a Biocontrol and Growth-Promoting Agent in Maize

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Nazia Manzar,
  • Abhijeet Shankar Kashyap,
  • Pawan K. Sharma,
  • Alok K. Srivastava

摘要

The Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot, offer an untapped reservoir of plant-associated rhizobacteria with potential for sustainable crop management. The isolation and characterization of rhizobacteria from rhizospheric soils of diverse crops in the Western Ghats identified Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain B281 as a potent biocontrol agent against Bipolaris maydis, the cause of maize leaf blight. Among 43 isolates, B281 exhibited plant growth-enhancing traits including indole-3-acetic acid (25.97 µg/mL), phosphate solubilization (123.75 mg/L), siderophore production, and ammonia synthesis. In vitro antagonism assays showed that B281 inhibited B. maydis by 57.18%. GC–MS-based metabolomic and volatilomic profiling revealed a diverse spectrum of bioactive volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including hydrocarbon derivatives (e.g., dodecane, 2,6,10-trimethyl- and eicosane) and fatty acids such as hexadecanoic acid, which are associated with antimicrobial activity and microbial interactions. GC–MS profiling was included as preliminary metabolite profiling of B281 culture filtrate. Under glasshouse conditions, maize seed bioprimed with B281 showed significant growth enhancement, with shoot lengths reaching 109 cm and a 68.41% reduction in disease severity. B281 also induced systemic resistance, evidenced by elevated peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, callose, and lignin deposition. Other promising isolates included Lactiplantibacillus plantarum B263, which showed strong IAA production (65 µg/mL) and 51.83% fungal inhibition, also showed good phosphate solubilization (98.25 mg/L) and moderate ammonia and siderophore production and Bacillus cereus B216, B292, and B246, all of which exhibited moderate antagonism along with effective phosphorus solubilization and siderophore production. These findings highlight B281 These findings highlight B281 as a as a lead candidate for bioformulation development including metabolite-rich, eco-friendly bioinoculant with dual functionality for maize growth promotion and maydis leaf blight suppression and suggest that other native isolates from the Western Ghats may also serve as valuable components in integrated disease management strategies for maize.

Graphical Abstract