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<p>Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) is a staple crop critical for global food security, yet seed storability remains a major challenge because natural aging reduces germination performance and seedling establishment. To clarify cultivar-specific responses to long-term natural aging, this study evaluated seed vigor, seed coat color, physiological traits, and biochemical reserves in three winter wheat cultivars (AN1589, AN1687, and AN179) grown at Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Province, China, and stored under dry, ventilated, dark indoor conditions for 6 months (CK; post-dormancy control), 18 months (T1), and 30 months (T2). Prolonged storage significantly reduced germination potential (GP), germination index (GI), germination rate (GR), fresh weight (FW), vigor index (VI), soluble sugar, soluble protein, amylose, and protein fractions, while increasing electrical conductivity and seed coat redness, blueness, hue, intensity, and grayscale values. After 30 months of storage, cultivar responses were trait-dependent: AN179 retained the highest GP, GI, GR, and VI, whereas AN1589 maintained relatively higher seedling fresh weight and soluble-reserve levels. AN1687 showed a pronounced decline in germination potential, while AN179 also exhibited a marked reduction in VI compared with its control level. Correlation analysis revealed strong associations between vigor traits and physiological/biochemical indicators; for example, conductivity was negatively associated with seed vigor traits, whereas soluble sugar, soluble protein, and amylose were positively associated with several vigor indices in a cultivar-dependent manner. These findings indicate that natural aging impairs wheat seed vigor through coordinated membrane deterioration, reserve depletion, and seed coat color changes. Seed coat color traits, together with conductivity and reserve-related biochemical indicators, may provide useful markers for screening storage-tolerant wheat cultivars and optimizing post-harvest seed management.</p>

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Exploring Seed Vigor, Coat Color, and Physiological Dynamics in Wheat Cultivars Under Natural Aging in Anhui, China (2020–2022)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Ling Zhang,
  • Hongwei Zhou,
  • Shengxing Wang,
  • Yulei Zhu

摘要

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple crop critical for global food security, yet seed storability remains a major challenge because natural aging reduces germination performance and seedling establishment. To clarify cultivar-specific responses to long-term natural aging, this study evaluated seed vigor, seed coat color, physiological traits, and biochemical reserves in three winter wheat cultivars (AN1589, AN1687, and AN179) grown at Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Province, China, and stored under dry, ventilated, dark indoor conditions for 6 months (CK; post-dormancy control), 18 months (T1), and 30 months (T2). Prolonged storage significantly reduced germination potential (GP), germination index (GI), germination rate (GR), fresh weight (FW), vigor index (VI), soluble sugar, soluble protein, amylose, and protein fractions, while increasing electrical conductivity and seed coat redness, blueness, hue, intensity, and grayscale values. After 30 months of storage, cultivar responses were trait-dependent: AN179 retained the highest GP, GI, GR, and VI, whereas AN1589 maintained relatively higher seedling fresh weight and soluble-reserve levels. AN1687 showed a pronounced decline in germination potential, while AN179 also exhibited a marked reduction in VI compared with its control level. Correlation analysis revealed strong associations between vigor traits and physiological/biochemical indicators; for example, conductivity was negatively associated with seed vigor traits, whereas soluble sugar, soluble protein, and amylose were positively associated with several vigor indices in a cultivar-dependent manner. These findings indicate that natural aging impairs wheat seed vigor through coordinated membrane deterioration, reserve depletion, and seed coat color changes. Seed coat color traits, together with conductivity and reserve-related biochemical indicators, may provide useful markers for screening storage-tolerant wheat cultivars and optimizing post-harvest seed management.