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<p>Cold stress severely restricts grapevine growth, geographical distribution, and sustainable production. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance and identifying key functional genes are essential for genetic improvement of cold-tolerant grape cultivars. Here, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on the cold-tolerant <i>Vitis amurensis</i> ‘Zuoshan 1’ (ZS-1) and the cold-sensitive <i>V. vinifera</i> ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (CS) under 4°C cold treatment. Our findings revealed consistent global expression changes in ZS-1 and CS, indicating that the strong cold tolerance of ZS-1 relies on precise regulation of specific cold-responsive pathways rather than extensive transcriptional reprogramming. Comparative analysis revealed more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CS (968 upregulated, 787 downregulated) than in ZS-1 (475 upregulated, 228 downregulated), along with more sustained cold-responsive DEGs (151 vs. 45). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment demonstrated that ZS-1’s continuous DEGs were enriched in DNA homeostasis and sucrose metabolism, while CS’s DEGs were mainly associated with energy metabolism. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) identified the coral1 module (3,225 genes) as the key cold-responsive module. A core hub gene <i>VaSOG1</i> in this module continuously upregulated in ZS-1 compared with CS throughout cold treatment. Functional verification confirmed that transient overexpression of <i>VaSOG1</i> significantly enhanced cold tolerance, with reduced leaf wilting, decreased reactive oxygen species accumulation, elevated catalase activity, and lower electrolyte leakage. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance in <i>V. amurensis</i> and identifies <i>VaSOG1</i> as a promising candidate gene for grapevine cold tolerance breeding.</p>

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Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies VaSOG1 as a Novel Positive Regulator of Cold Tolerance in Grapevine

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月23日

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  • Yang Pan,
  • Junjie Wang,
  • Xingcheng Qi,
  • Zhu Zhu,
  • Shijin Yang,
  • Xinyi Hao,
  • Weirong Xu,
  • Wenkong Yao,
  • Xiuming Zhang

摘要

Cold stress severely restricts grapevine growth, geographical distribution, and sustainable production. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance and identifying key functional genes are essential for genetic improvement of cold-tolerant grape cultivars. Here, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on the cold-tolerant Vitis amurensis ‘Zuoshan 1’ (ZS-1) and the cold-sensitive V. vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (CS) under 4°C cold treatment. Our findings revealed consistent global expression changes in ZS-1 and CS, indicating that the strong cold tolerance of ZS-1 relies on precise regulation of specific cold-responsive pathways rather than extensive transcriptional reprogramming. Comparative analysis revealed more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CS (968 upregulated, 787 downregulated) than in ZS-1 (475 upregulated, 228 downregulated), along with more sustained cold-responsive DEGs (151 vs. 45). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment demonstrated that ZS-1’s continuous DEGs were enriched in DNA homeostasis and sucrose metabolism, while CS’s DEGs were mainly associated with energy metabolism. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) identified the coral1 module (3,225 genes) as the key cold-responsive module. A core hub gene VaSOG1 in this module continuously upregulated in ZS-1 compared with CS throughout cold treatment. Functional verification confirmed that transient overexpression of VaSOG1 significantly enhanced cold tolerance, with reduced leaf wilting, decreased reactive oxygen species accumulation, elevated catalase activity, and lower electrolyte leakage. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance in V. amurensis and identifies VaSOG1 as a promising candidate gene for grapevine cold tolerance breeding.