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<p>The cultivation of ‘Thompson Seedless’ (H4 strain) grapevines heavily relies on gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) to ensure marketable berry size, although excessive use often impairs wood ripening and fruit quality. This study evaluated the synergistic effects of reduced GA<sub>3</sub> doses combined with 24-epibrassinolide (BL), seaweed extract (SE), and cluster thinning (CT) on vegetative growth, biochemical composition, yield, and <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> resistance across the 2023 and 2024 seasons. Results indicated that integrating 75% GA₃ + BL + SE significantly maximized shoot length, wood ripening coefficient, leaf area, and photosynthetic pigments. Furthermore, this combination enhanced petiole mineral status (N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn) and achieved the highest overall yield and cluster weight. Conversely, the combination of 75% GA<sub>3</sub> + CT was most effective at optimizing individual berry physical traits, soluble solid content (SSC), total sugars, and skin carotenoids, while significantly reducing titratable acidity (TA) and cluster compactness. Notably, these multi-dimensional treatments fortified the vines’ biochemical defenses; 75% GA₃ + BL + SE maximized antioxidant enzyme activities, such as peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), whereas 75% GA<sub>3</sub> + CT most effectively minimized <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> incidence and severity through structural cluster loosening. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) validated that combining reduced GA<sub>3</sub> with BL, SE, or CT vastly outperformed the traditional 100% GA<sub>3</sub> application. In conclusion, integrating biostimulants and cultural practices with moderated GA<sub>3</sub> provides a sustainable, synergistic framework that improves table grape quality, boosts metabolic resilience, and mitigates fungal disease pressure.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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24-Epibrassinolide, Seaweed Extract, and Cluster Thinning as Partial Gibberellic Acid Substitutes in Improving ‘Thompson Seedless’ (H4 strain) Grape Quality

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Ahmed A. Elaidy,
  • Basma Elhendawy,
  • Ahmed F. Abd El-Khalek,
  • Bassam E. A. Belal,
  • Mosaad A. El-Kenawy,
  • Neveen S. Ahmed,
  • Essam Elatafi

摘要

The cultivation of ‘Thompson Seedless’ (H4 strain) grapevines heavily relies on gibberellic acid (GA3) to ensure marketable berry size, although excessive use often impairs wood ripening and fruit quality. This study evaluated the synergistic effects of reduced GA3 doses combined with 24-epibrassinolide (BL), seaweed extract (SE), and cluster thinning (CT) on vegetative growth, biochemical composition, yield, and Botrytis cinerea resistance across the 2023 and 2024 seasons. Results indicated that integrating 75% GA₃ + BL + SE significantly maximized shoot length, wood ripening coefficient, leaf area, and photosynthetic pigments. Furthermore, this combination enhanced petiole mineral status (N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn) and achieved the highest overall yield and cluster weight. Conversely, the combination of 75% GA3 + CT was most effective at optimizing individual berry physical traits, soluble solid content (SSC), total sugars, and skin carotenoids, while significantly reducing titratable acidity (TA) and cluster compactness. Notably, these multi-dimensional treatments fortified the vines’ biochemical defenses; 75% GA₃ + BL + SE maximized antioxidant enzyme activities, such as peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), whereas 75% GA3 + CT most effectively minimized Botrytis cinerea incidence and severity through structural cluster loosening. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) validated that combining reduced GA3 with BL, SE, or CT vastly outperformed the traditional 100% GA3 application. In conclusion, integrating biostimulants and cultural practices with moderated GA3 provides a sustainable, synergistic framework that improves table grape quality, boosts metabolic resilience, and mitigates fungal disease pressure.

Graphical Abstract