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<p><i>Vicia faba</i> is an important food legume crop that is highly sensitive to salinity, particularly during germination and early growth stages. Seed pretreatment can improve plant tolerance to salt stress, but its impact on genome stability remains unclear. The present study evaluated the effects of Hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, 5 mM), Sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2 mM) and their combination (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>+SNP) in <i>Vicia faba</i> roots under moderate salinity (2.5 dS/m) and high salinity (7.5 dS/m). Pretreated seeds showed improved root growth (71–129% increases compared with salt-stressed conditions) and enhanced cell division, with the Mitotic Index (MI) rising from 5.36% in roots exposed to 7.5 dS/m salinity to 8.89–11.09% in pretreated roots. However, pretreatments did not prevent the accumulation of toxic ions (Cl<sup>−</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup>), nor did they reduce genotoxic effects, as evidenced by persistent chromosomal and nuclear aberrations and an increase in micronucleus (MCN) size, while frequency remained elevated (9.75–13.16% under pretreatments compared with 12.49% under high salinity). SNP and its combination with H₂O₂ were associated with the largest MCNs, suggesting a possible disruption of chromosome segregation, although this remains hypothetical. Pretreatments appeared to mitigate some physiological effects of salt stress, such as root growth and mitotic activity, but failed to protect genome integrity, highlighting a clear distinction between physiological tolerance and genotoxic protection. Future studies integrating biochemical assays and detailed cytogenetic scoring are needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which H₂O₂ and SNP modulate cellular and genomic responses under salinity stress.</p>

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H₂O₂ and SNP Seed Pretreatments Enhance Root Growth and Cell Division but Fail to Prevent Genotoxicity under Salinity in Vicia faba

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Dalila Souguir,
  • Sonia Zrelli,
  • Mohamed Hachicha

摘要

Vicia faba is an important food legume crop that is highly sensitive to salinity, particularly during germination and early growth stages. Seed pretreatment can improve plant tolerance to salt stress, but its impact on genome stability remains unclear. The present study evaluated the effects of Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 5 mM), Sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2 mM) and their combination (H2O2+SNP) in Vicia faba roots under moderate salinity (2.5 dS/m) and high salinity (7.5 dS/m). Pretreated seeds showed improved root growth (71–129% increases compared with salt-stressed conditions) and enhanced cell division, with the Mitotic Index (MI) rising from 5.36% in roots exposed to 7.5 dS/m salinity to 8.89–11.09% in pretreated roots. However, pretreatments did not prevent the accumulation of toxic ions (Cl− and Na+), nor did they reduce genotoxic effects, as evidenced by persistent chromosomal and nuclear aberrations and an increase in micronucleus (MCN) size, while frequency remained elevated (9.75–13.16% under pretreatments compared with 12.49% under high salinity). SNP and its combination with H₂O₂ were associated with the largest MCNs, suggesting a possible disruption of chromosome segregation, although this remains hypothetical. Pretreatments appeared to mitigate some physiological effects of salt stress, such as root growth and mitotic activity, but failed to protect genome integrity, highlighting a clear distinction between physiological tolerance and genotoxic protection. Future studies integrating biochemical assays and detailed cytogenetic scoring are needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which H₂O₂ and SNP modulate cellular and genomic responses under salinity stress.