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<p><i>Petunia hybrida</i> is a widely cultivated ornamental species valued for its aesthetic appeal and economic importance, yet its growth and floral quality are highly vulnerable to abiotic stresses such as soil alkalinity and iron (Fe) deficiency. These stressors often co-occur in calcareous soils and urban landscapes, leading to impaired nutrient uptake, chlorosis, reduced photosynthetic efficiency, oxidative damage, and diminished biomass and flower production. In this study, we examined the potential of resveratrol, a multifunctional polyphenolic compound with antioxidant and regulatory properties, to mitigate the detrimental effects of alkalinity-induced Fe deficiency in <i>Petunia hybrida</i> ‘Supercascade Rose’ under soilless culture conditions. A factorial experiment was conducted using two nutrient solution pH levels (6.0 and 8.3), two Fe concentrations (15 and 1.5&#xa0;mg L⁻¹), and three foliar-applied resveratrol concentrations (0, 100, and 200 µM). Alkaline pH combined with Fe deficiency significantly suppressed morphological traits, pigment content, and antioxidant enzyme activities. However, foliar application of resveratrol, particularly at 100 µM, effectively alleviated these negative impacts by enhancing chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, anthocyanin accumulation, total phenolic and flavonoid levels, and the activities of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Resveratrol also improved Fe uptake and maintained photosynthetic performance, resulting in increased biomass accumulation and enhanced floral quality. These findings underscore the potential of resveratrol as a bio-based stress-mitigating agent for enhancing plant resilience and ornamental value under alkaline and Fe-deficient conditions. Incorporating such compounds into ornamental horticultural practices may offer sustainable solutions for managing plant stress in suboptimal environments.</p>

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Exogenous Resveratrol Alleviates Alkalinity-Induced Iron Deficiency and Enhances Morphophysiological and Biochemical Resilience in Petunia hybrida

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Ahmad Nadhir Hussein,
  • Zohreh Jabbarzadeh,
  • Javad Reazpour-Fard,
  • Reza Darvishzadeh,
  • Jafar Amiri

摘要

Petunia hybrida is a widely cultivated ornamental species valued for its aesthetic appeal and economic importance, yet its growth and floral quality are highly vulnerable to abiotic stresses such as soil alkalinity and iron (Fe) deficiency. These stressors often co-occur in calcareous soils and urban landscapes, leading to impaired nutrient uptake, chlorosis, reduced photosynthetic efficiency, oxidative damage, and diminished biomass and flower production. In this study, we examined the potential of resveratrol, a multifunctional polyphenolic compound with antioxidant and regulatory properties, to mitigate the detrimental effects of alkalinity-induced Fe deficiency in Petunia hybrida ‘Supercascade Rose’ under soilless culture conditions. A factorial experiment was conducted using two nutrient solution pH levels (6.0 and 8.3), two Fe concentrations (15 and 1.5 mg L⁻¹), and three foliar-applied resveratrol concentrations (0, 100, and 200 µM). Alkaline pH combined with Fe deficiency significantly suppressed morphological traits, pigment content, and antioxidant enzyme activities. However, foliar application of resveratrol, particularly at 100 µM, effectively alleviated these negative impacts by enhancing chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, anthocyanin accumulation, total phenolic and flavonoid levels, and the activities of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Resveratrol also improved Fe uptake and maintained photosynthetic performance, resulting in increased biomass accumulation and enhanced floral quality. These findings underscore the potential of resveratrol as a bio-based stress-mitigating agent for enhancing plant resilience and ornamental value under alkaline and Fe-deficient conditions. Incorporating such compounds into ornamental horticultural practices may offer sustainable solutions for managing plant stress in suboptimal environments.