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<p>Phosphorus (P) deficiency in soil remains one of the most important limitations to sustainable legume production worldwide, strongly influencing nodule development, symbiosis, and crop productivity. Recent discoveries provide compelling evidence that phosphate starvation triggers molecular and physiological responses in nodules, fundamentally reshaping symbiotic efficiency. In this commentary, we discuss new insights into how phosphate availability regulates nodulation through local and systemic regulatory pathways, with a particular focus on the role of <i>GmAIR12-5</i> in soybean (Qin et al. J Plant Physiol 313:154585, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154585">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154585</a>, 2025), alongside contributions from <i>GmPAP12</i> (Wang et al. Front Plant Sci 11:450. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00450">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00450</a>, 2020 ) and <i>PvPHR1</i>/<i>PvPHR-L7</i> (Isidra-Arellano et al. Plant J Aug 103(3):1125–1139, 2020 ; Singh et al. Plant Cell Physiol. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcaf069">https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcaf069</a>, 2025). Together, these findings provided a unified perspective on the molecular and physiological mechanisms through which legumes sense, integrate, and respond to P deprivation, to determine nodulation outcomes. We highlight the significance of these discoveries for advancing our understanding of the phosphate–nodulation nexus and their potential in breeding legumes resilient to nutrient limitations.</p>

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Phosphate Starvation and the Nodulation Dilemma: Regulatory Mechanisms Linking Phosphorus Availability to Legume-Rhizobia Symbiosis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月3日

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  • Wenjuan Wu,
  • Anil Kumar

摘要

Phosphorus (P) deficiency in soil remains one of the most important limitations to sustainable legume production worldwide, strongly influencing nodule development, symbiosis, and crop productivity. Recent discoveries provide compelling evidence that phosphate starvation triggers molecular and physiological responses in nodules, fundamentally reshaping symbiotic efficiency. In this commentary, we discuss new insights into how phosphate availability regulates nodulation through local and systemic regulatory pathways, with a particular focus on the role of GmAIR12-5 in soybean (Qin et al. J Plant Physiol 313:154585, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154585, 2025), alongside contributions from GmPAP12 (Wang et al. Front Plant Sci 11:450. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00450, 2020 ) and PvPHR1/PvPHR-L7 (Isidra-Arellano et al. Plant J Aug 103(3):1125–1139, 2020 ; Singh et al. Plant Cell Physiol. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcaf069, 2025). Together, these findings provided a unified perspective on the molecular and physiological mechanisms through which legumes sense, integrate, and respond to P deprivation, to determine nodulation outcomes. We highlight the significance of these discoveries for advancing our understanding of the phosphate–nodulation nexus and their potential in breeding legumes resilient to nutrient limitations.