<p>Heat stress poses a significant threat to wheat production, particularly during critical growth stages, as climate change exacerbates the frequency and intensity of heat waves. This study focuses on unraveling the genetic associations that underpin heat resilience in wheat, with a particular emphasis on stress memory and its potential role in improving heat stress tolerance. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted in a core set of 111 wheat genotypes to reveal the effects of intergenerational and transgenerational heat stress memory in several traits, such as grain yield, chlorophyll content, and proline content. Our study detected that wheat genotypes revealed severe initial reductions in plant height (56%) and spike length (53%) due to heat stress. Notably, subsequent generations demonstrated partial acclimation, evidenced by less pronounced reductions, indicating intergenerational and transgenerational stress memory effects. GWAS identified eight key genomic regions across chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2A, 3A, 6A, and 7B, pinpointing 71 highly significant SNP markers. Chromosome 2A notably harbored critical candidate genes, including zinc finger C2H2-type, oxidoreductase, potassium transporter, and ascorbate peroxidase 4, highlighting the dynamic genetic regulation of stress response pathways. These insights offer valuable genetic targets for developing heat-resilient wheat varieties, vital for ensuring crop productivity under increasingly adverse climate conditions.</p>