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<p><i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, a pathogenic fungus responsible for Fusarium head blight (FHB), poses a severe threat to wheat production, leading to significant crop losses. To enhance wheat tolerance against FHB, this study explored the potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as biocontrol agents. A total of 100 bacterial strains were isolated from soil, and four superior isolates were selected based on their abilities in phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, indole acetic acid production, protease activity, biofilm formation, swarming motility, and biocontrol efficacy. Application of these bacterial isolates to wheat seeds significantly enhanced germination rates and seedling vigor. All isolates increased germination compared to the control, with <i>P. brassicacearum</i> showing the highest vigor index (927.44). Additionally, 25 different wheat genotypes were evaluated under greenhouse conditions to assess their responses to FHB. Among them, Irana and Bazh cultivars were identified as resistant and sensitive genotypes, respectively. The Bazh genotype showed the highest disease severity and incidence (86% and 86.66%), while Irana had the lowest (8.3% and 6.66%). Irana also had the greatest thousand seed weight (30.86), and Bazh had the lowest (18.03). Furthermore, quantitative gene expression analysis in two selected wheat cultivars inoculated with <i>F. graminearum</i>, one resistant (Irana) and another sensitive cultivar (Bazh), demonstrated a gradual upregulation of defense-related genes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase genes, and FHB toxin resistance gene) following treatment with four selected bacterial isolates. In the Irana cultivar, expression levels of PAL, CHI, GLU, and PDR genes in the bacterial treatment group were 2.74, 4.75, 2.07, and 3.63 fold higher than those in control group, respectively. These findings emphasize the role of PGPRs in enhancing wheat resistance to FHB by promoting plant defense mechanisms, indicating their potential as sustainable biocontrol agents in wheat cultivation.</p>

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Resistance Induction To Wheat Head Blight Disease Using Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月28日

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  • Ehsan Hasanvand,
  • Forough Sanjarian,
  • Mostafa Darvishnia,
  • Hosein Mirzaei Najafgholi,
  • Samira Pakbaz

摘要

Fusarium graminearum, a pathogenic fungus responsible for Fusarium head blight (FHB), poses a severe threat to wheat production, leading to significant crop losses. To enhance wheat tolerance against FHB, this study explored the potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as biocontrol agents. A total of 100 bacterial strains were isolated from soil, and four superior isolates were selected based on their abilities in phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, indole acetic acid production, protease activity, biofilm formation, swarming motility, and biocontrol efficacy. Application of these bacterial isolates to wheat seeds significantly enhanced germination rates and seedling vigor. All isolates increased germination compared to the control, with P. brassicacearum showing the highest vigor index (927.44). Additionally, 25 different wheat genotypes were evaluated under greenhouse conditions to assess their responses to FHB. Among them, Irana and Bazh cultivars were identified as resistant and sensitive genotypes, respectively. The Bazh genotype showed the highest disease severity and incidence (86% and 86.66%), while Irana had the lowest (8.3% and 6.66%). Irana also had the greatest thousand seed weight (30.86), and Bazh had the lowest (18.03). Furthermore, quantitative gene expression analysis in two selected wheat cultivars inoculated with F. graminearum, one resistant (Irana) and another sensitive cultivar (Bazh), demonstrated a gradual upregulation of defense-related genes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase genes, and FHB toxin resistance gene) following treatment with four selected bacterial isolates. In the Irana cultivar, expression levels of PAL, CHI, GLU, and PDR genes in the bacterial treatment group were 2.74, 4.75, 2.07, and 3.63 fold higher than those in control group, respectively. These findings emphasize the role of PGPRs in enhancing wheat resistance to FHB by promoting plant defense mechanisms, indicating their potential as sustainable biocontrol agents in wheat cultivation.