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<p>Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient required for plant growth and development. The ammonium (NH₄⁺) and nitrate (NO₃⁻) forms of nitrogen induce distinct morphological changes in plants, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. In this study, morphological characterization, physiological analyses, and high-throughput RNA sequencing were employed to elucidate the mechanisms by which different nitrogen forms regulate root elongation in poplar (<i>Populus</i> spp.). Poplar seedlings exhibited distinct morphological responses to various nitrogen treatments, and root length variation was significantly correlated with changes in free amino acid content. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant enrichment of pathways related to nitrogen metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction. A key gene, <i>B3 DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN REM19</i>, was identified as a potential regulatory factor among the differentially expressed genes. The expression of <i>REM19</i> was more strongly induced by nitrate, and its upregulation markedly increased the free amino acid content in roots, leading to enhanced root elongation compared with control plants. Furthermore, ChIP-seq analysis demonstrated that <i>REM19</i> interacts with genes associated with transcriptional regulation and nitrogen compound metabolism. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular basis of nitrogen form–dependent root development in poplar and highlight <i>REM19</i> as a potential regulatory node in nitrogen-mediated growth responses.</p>

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REM19 Plays a Key Role in Nitrate-Promoted Root Growth in Poplar

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月18日

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  • Xiangjin Teng,
  • Wei Li,
  • Xiaoxia Jin,
  • Yanlong Dong,
  • Shuang Du,
  • Chunpu Qu

摘要

Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient required for plant growth and development. The ammonium (NH₄⁺) and nitrate (NO₃⁻) forms of nitrogen induce distinct morphological changes in plants, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. In this study, morphological characterization, physiological analyses, and high-throughput RNA sequencing were employed to elucidate the mechanisms by which different nitrogen forms regulate root elongation in poplar (Populus spp.). Poplar seedlings exhibited distinct morphological responses to various nitrogen treatments, and root length variation was significantly correlated with changes in free amino acid content. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant enrichment of pathways related to nitrogen metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction. A key gene, B3 DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN REM19, was identified as a potential regulatory factor among the differentially expressed genes. The expression of REM19 was more strongly induced by nitrate, and its upregulation markedly increased the free amino acid content in roots, leading to enhanced root elongation compared with control plants. Furthermore, ChIP-seq analysis demonstrated that REM19 interacts with genes associated with transcriptional regulation and nitrogen compound metabolism. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular basis of nitrogen form–dependent root development in poplar and highlight REM19 as a potential regulatory node in nitrogen-mediated growth responses.