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<p>Genetic variation forms the foundation of crop improvement, traditionally generated through hybridization and subsequent selection across segregating generations. However, the increasing complexity of breeding targets driven by climate change, resource limitations, and rising nutritional demands has highlighted the need for more precise and efficient approaches. Mutation breeding has emerged as a highly effective strategy for creating novel genetic variability, contributing substantially to the development of improved cultivars worldwide. Both classical mutagenesis and in vitro mutation induction have played central roles in enhancing traits such as stress tolerance, yield potential, nutritional quality, and overall crop resilience. With advancements in molecular biology, genetic engineering, and genomic technologies, induced mutagenesis is now integrated with high-throughput genotyping, marker-assisted selection, and tissue-culture based methods. This integration has improved the detection of desirable variants, reduced chimerism, and increased mutation efficiency, particularly in vegetatively propagated crops. Physical mutagens (e.g., gamma rays, X-rays) and chemical mutagens (e.g., alkylating agents, sodium azide, base analogues) continue to offer diverse avenues for generating useful variability across agricultural crops. This review synthesizes current progress in mutation breeding, including conventional and modern mutagenesis approaches and their contributions to sustainable agriculture. It also highlights molecular tools that enhance precision in mutant identification and accelerate breeding timelines. Looking ahead, integrating induced mutagenesis with genomics, genome editing, speed breeding, and phenomics platforms will be critical for developing climate-resilient, nutrient-rich, and high-yielding cultivars. Overall, mutagenesis remains a powerful driver of crop improvement, offering targeted solutions to meet global food and nutritional security challenges.</p>

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Advances in Mutation Breeding: Harnessing Induced Variability for Fruit Crop Improvement Through in Vitro Mutagenesis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • Popat Nanaso Gaikwad,
  • Yallaling Sanjay Chintale,
  • Gurupkar Singh Sidhu

摘要

Genetic variation forms the foundation of crop improvement, traditionally generated through hybridization and subsequent selection across segregating generations. However, the increasing complexity of breeding targets driven by climate change, resource limitations, and rising nutritional demands has highlighted the need for more precise and efficient approaches. Mutation breeding has emerged as a highly effective strategy for creating novel genetic variability, contributing substantially to the development of improved cultivars worldwide. Both classical mutagenesis and in vitro mutation induction have played central roles in enhancing traits such as stress tolerance, yield potential, nutritional quality, and overall crop resilience. With advancements in molecular biology, genetic engineering, and genomic technologies, induced mutagenesis is now integrated with high-throughput genotyping, marker-assisted selection, and tissue-culture based methods. This integration has improved the detection of desirable variants, reduced chimerism, and increased mutation efficiency, particularly in vegetatively propagated crops. Physical mutagens (e.g., gamma rays, X-rays) and chemical mutagens (e.g., alkylating agents, sodium azide, base analogues) continue to offer diverse avenues for generating useful variability across agricultural crops. This review synthesizes current progress in mutation breeding, including conventional and modern mutagenesis approaches and their contributions to sustainable agriculture. It also highlights molecular tools that enhance precision in mutant identification and accelerate breeding timelines. Looking ahead, integrating induced mutagenesis with genomics, genome editing, speed breeding, and phenomics platforms will be critical for developing climate-resilient, nutrient-rich, and high-yielding cultivars. Overall, mutagenesis remains a powerful driver of crop improvement, offering targeted solutions to meet global food and nutritional security challenges.