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<p>Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) have shown significant potential to influence plant growth and stress tolerance, thus considerably affecting agriculture. However, the potential of MgO-NPs to induce gene silencing has not been reported. Moreover, the presently available methods for gene silencing require gene cloning into a vector, like a plasmid, and a vehicle like <i>Agrobacterium</i> or viruses, which increases the complications and timeline of the complete process. Therefore, here we report the use of Arginine functionalized MgO-NPs for loading <i>VrCHI</i> double-stranded cDNA isolated from mungbean using semi-quantitative PCR. The desired <i>VrCHI</i> double-stranded cDNA was eluted from the gel, quantified, and incubated with Arginine functionalized MgO-NPs for performing the loading process. <i>VrCHI</i> DNA-loaded arginine-modified NPs formed DNA-NPs were later used for performing priming of mungbean seeds. DNA-NPs led seed priming was observed to significantly induce gene silencing of the endogenous <i>VrCHI</i> gene in mungbean seedlings. It indicated the possibility of DNA-interference-mediated gene silencing of <i>VrCHI</i>, which is the least studied and reported from plants. The mungbean primed with DNA-NPs potentially silenced the <i>VrCHI</i> transcript by 7-fold compared to the control. Hence, silenced <i>VrCHI</i> in mungbean reduced the accumulation of naringenin and downstream metabolites of the flavonoid pathway, including phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins. The antioxidant potential of the <i>VrCHI-</i>silenced mungbean was thus significantly reduced. Additionally, compared to the control, the transformants showed reduced morphological traits and considerably decreased content of chlorophyll, biomass, and carbohydrates. However, <i>VrCHI</i>-silenced mungbean accumulated more protein with enhanced solubility and digestibility. These observations indicated a plausible relationship of the flavonoid pathway with chlorophyll and protein biosynthesis that needs further exploration. This study further validates MgO-NPs-mediated delivery of gene/ cDNA as an efficient strategy to induce gene silencing in plants. Further, MgO-NPs-based DNA interference can be explored as a novel strategy to induce genetic manipulations in crop plants.</p>

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Magnesium Oxide NPs Mediated Downregulation of Chalcone Isomerase Reduced Growth and Antioxidant Potential of Vigna Radiata

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月2日

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  • Priya Sharma,
  • Vineet Kumar,
  • Praveen Guleria

摘要

Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) have shown significant potential to influence plant growth and stress tolerance, thus considerably affecting agriculture. However, the potential of MgO-NPs to induce gene silencing has not been reported. Moreover, the presently available methods for gene silencing require gene cloning into a vector, like a plasmid, and a vehicle like Agrobacterium or viruses, which increases the complications and timeline of the complete process. Therefore, here we report the use of Arginine functionalized MgO-NPs for loading VrCHI double-stranded cDNA isolated from mungbean using semi-quantitative PCR. The desired VrCHI double-stranded cDNA was eluted from the gel, quantified, and incubated with Arginine functionalized MgO-NPs for performing the loading process. VrCHI DNA-loaded arginine-modified NPs formed DNA-NPs were later used for performing priming of mungbean seeds. DNA-NPs led seed priming was observed to significantly induce gene silencing of the endogenous VrCHI gene in mungbean seedlings. It indicated the possibility of DNA-interference-mediated gene silencing of VrCHI, which is the least studied and reported from plants. The mungbean primed with DNA-NPs potentially silenced the VrCHI transcript by 7-fold compared to the control. Hence, silenced VrCHI in mungbean reduced the accumulation of naringenin and downstream metabolites of the flavonoid pathway, including phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins. The antioxidant potential of the VrCHI-silenced mungbean was thus significantly reduced. Additionally, compared to the control, the transformants showed reduced morphological traits and considerably decreased content of chlorophyll, biomass, and carbohydrates. However, VrCHI-silenced mungbean accumulated more protein with enhanced solubility and digestibility. These observations indicated a plausible relationship of the flavonoid pathway with chlorophyll and protein biosynthesis that needs further exploration. This study further validates MgO-NPs-mediated delivery of gene/ cDNA as an efficient strategy to induce gene silencing in plants. Further, MgO-NPs-based DNA interference can be explored as a novel strategy to induce genetic manipulations in crop plants.