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<p>Light and temperature are critical environmental cues that co-ordinately regulate plant developmental trajectories, metabolic processes, and flowering in horticultural systems. The present study examined the morphophysiological and biochemical responses of <i>Chrysanthemum morifolium</i> cv. Zembla to sole-source monochromatic light spectra across diverse temperature regimes. The present study revealed distinctive photomorphogenic and thermomorphogenic adaptations, with blue light under long-day (B, LD15) conditions at 24/20&#xa0;°C temperature conditions significantly promoted enhanced vegetative growth, increasing leaf area, dry biomass, and&#xa0;photosynthetic performance, accompanied by the highest chlorophyll and protein accumulation. Despite chrysanthemum's classification as a short-day species, plants exposed to distinct monochromatic light spectra during long photoperiods exhibited successful floral induction. Temperature-dependent variations were evident across all measured parameters, where cooler regimes (16/20&#xa0;°C) induced early bud initiation, elevated osmolyte (TSS and proline) accumulation, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, indicating activation of stress-adaptive mechanisms.&#xa0;Flower quality, particularly capitulum diameter, was superior under B, LD15 at 24/20&#xa0;°C, highlighting the synergistic effects of optimal temperature and spectral composition.&#xa0;Gene expression analysis revealed coordinated upregulation of&#xa0;<i>CmPHYA</i>,&#xa0;<i>CmCRY1</i>, and&#xa0;<i>CmFTL</i>&#xa0;under blue and red-blue light, concurrent with suppressed&#xa0;<i>CmAFT</i>&#xa0;expression, demonstrating florigen–antiflorigen balance as a key determinant of flowering.&#xa0;These findings elucidate the complex interaction between light and thermal cues in regulating chrysanthemum development via coordinated adjustments in photosynthetic efficiency, redox homeostasis and the florigen/anti-florigen network. The study provides a mechanistic framework for strategic application of monochromatic blue light under controlled temperature conditions can substantially enhance vegetative growth, flower quality and improve physiological and biochemical quality parameters, offering a refined approach for commercial production.</p>

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Effect of Monochromatic Light Spectra on Morphophysiological and Biochemical Properties of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Zembla Under Different Temperature Regimes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月2日

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  • Panchal Sangmesh,
  • Mam Chand Singh,
  • Lekshmy Sathee,
  • Gunjeet Kumar,
  • Namita,
  • Amrender Kumar,
  • Ediga Amala,
  • B. H. Varun,
  • Neeraj Singh Negi

摘要

Light and temperature are critical environmental cues that co-ordinately regulate plant developmental trajectories, metabolic processes, and flowering in horticultural systems. The present study examined the morphophysiological and biochemical responses of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Zembla to sole-source monochromatic light spectra across diverse temperature regimes. The present study revealed distinctive photomorphogenic and thermomorphogenic adaptations, with blue light under long-day (B, LD15) conditions at 24/20 °C temperature conditions significantly promoted enhanced vegetative growth, increasing leaf area, dry biomass, and photosynthetic performance, accompanied by the highest chlorophyll and protein accumulation. Despite chrysanthemum's classification as a short-day species, plants exposed to distinct monochromatic light spectra during long photoperiods exhibited successful floral induction. Temperature-dependent variations were evident across all measured parameters, where cooler regimes (16/20 °C) induced early bud initiation, elevated osmolyte (TSS and proline) accumulation, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, indicating activation of stress-adaptive mechanisms. Flower quality, particularly capitulum diameter, was superior under B, LD15 at 24/20 °C, highlighting the synergistic effects of optimal temperature and spectral composition. Gene expression analysis revealed coordinated upregulation of CmPHYA, CmCRY1, and CmFTL under blue and red-blue light, concurrent with suppressed CmAFT expression, demonstrating florigen–antiflorigen balance as a key determinant of flowering. These findings elucidate the complex interaction between light and thermal cues in regulating chrysanthemum development via coordinated adjustments in photosynthetic efficiency, redox homeostasis and the florigen/anti-florigen network. The study provides a mechanistic framework for strategic application of monochromatic blue light under controlled temperature conditions can substantially enhance vegetative growth, flower quality and improve physiological and biochemical quality parameters, offering a refined approach for commercial production.