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<p>Despite the proven advantages of Integrated nutrient management (INM) in enhancing soil fertility and crop yield, there remains a dearth of conspicuous focused research investigating its synergistic impact on comprehensive soil health in the acidic soils of Northeast India. This investigation elucidates the synergistic efficacy of INM protocols in leveraging cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i>) productivity, physiological performance, and soil health within the acidic Inceptisols of Northeast India to holistically address overall soil quality within challenging agroecosystems. Employing a randomized block design, six treatments were evaluated, with the most comprehensive protocol (treatment) (T<sub>6</sub>: 75% recommended dose of fertilizers + 1 Mg ha⁻¹ pig dung + 1 Mg ha⁻¹ poultry manure + <i>Rhizobium</i> inoculation + phosphate solubilizing bacteria + 0.5% ZnSO₄ foliar spray) demonstrating superior outcomes. Results indicated that T<sub>6</sub> significantly augmented cowpea green pod yield (CGPY) by 40.2%, nodule number by 52%, pods per plant by 45%, and sustainable yield index by 100% (0.45 to 0.90) compared to the control. Physiological parameters exhibited marked improvements, including a 40.9% increase in membrane stability index, 100% enhancement in total chlorophyll content, and 60% rise in leaf area index. Soil physico-chemical properties were substantially ameliorated, with soil organic carbon increasing by 57.1%, hydraulic conductivity by 52.4%, and cation exchange capacity by 20.8%. Nutrient availability surged, with available N, P, and K rising by 34.3%, 125%, and 66.7%, respectively, alongside significant enhancements in micronutrients and soil biological metrics flourished, evidenced by a 350% increase in soil microbial biomass carbon and a 100.9% rise in dehydrogenase activity. Pod quality parameters, including protein (24.0%), carbohydrate (59.0%), and vitamin C (4.5&#xa0;mg/100&#xa0;g) contents, were significantly elevated. Multivariate analyses, including principal component analysis and structural equation modelling, highlighted the pivotal roles of soil organic carbon, nitrogen, and microbial activity in driving yield and sustainability. These inclusive findings advocate INM as a robust strategy for sustainable cowpea production and soil fertility restoration in acidic agroecosystems, offering a scalable model for regional agricultural intensification.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Synergistic Implications of Soil supportive, Sustainable Integrated Nutrient Management Protocols Leverage Cowpea Growth and productivity, and Optimizes Crop physiology, Soil Fertility and Quality in Acidic Inceptisols of Northeast India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • L. Devarishi Sharma,
  • Ingudam Bhupenchandra,
  • Anil K. Choudhary

摘要

Despite the proven advantages of Integrated nutrient management (INM) in enhancing soil fertility and crop yield, there remains a dearth of conspicuous focused research investigating its synergistic impact on comprehensive soil health in the acidic soils of Northeast India. This investigation elucidates the synergistic efficacy of INM protocols in leveraging cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) productivity, physiological performance, and soil health within the acidic Inceptisols of Northeast India to holistically address overall soil quality within challenging agroecosystems. Employing a randomized block design, six treatments were evaluated, with the most comprehensive protocol (treatment) (T6: 75% recommended dose of fertilizers + 1 Mg ha⁻¹ pig dung + 1 Mg ha⁻¹ poultry manure + Rhizobium inoculation + phosphate solubilizing bacteria + 0.5% ZnSO₄ foliar spray) demonstrating superior outcomes. Results indicated that T6 significantly augmented cowpea green pod yield (CGPY) by 40.2%, nodule number by 52%, pods per plant by 45%, and sustainable yield index by 100% (0.45 to 0.90) compared to the control. Physiological parameters exhibited marked improvements, including a 40.9% increase in membrane stability index, 100% enhancement in total chlorophyll content, and 60% rise in leaf area index. Soil physico-chemical properties were substantially ameliorated, with soil organic carbon increasing by 57.1%, hydraulic conductivity by 52.4%, and cation exchange capacity by 20.8%. Nutrient availability surged, with available N, P, and K rising by 34.3%, 125%, and 66.7%, respectively, alongside significant enhancements in micronutrients and soil biological metrics flourished, evidenced by a 350% increase in soil microbial biomass carbon and a 100.9% rise in dehydrogenase activity. Pod quality parameters, including protein (24.0%), carbohydrate (59.0%), and vitamin C (4.5 mg/100 g) contents, were significantly elevated. Multivariate analyses, including principal component analysis and structural equation modelling, highlighted the pivotal roles of soil organic carbon, nitrogen, and microbial activity in driving yield and sustainability. These inclusive findings advocate INM as a robust strategy for sustainable cowpea production and soil fertility restoration in acidic agroecosystems, offering a scalable model for regional agricultural intensification.

Graphical Abstract