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<p>Salinity is a major challenge for crop production worldwide. Increasing salinization of agricultural land severely limits productivity and yield. This study investigated the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of two local barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) genotypes, Boulifa (B, salt-tolerant) and Testour (S, salt-sensitive), to salt stress. Plants were subjected to 200 mM NaCl for 17 and 23 days. Morpho-physiological assessments revealed marked reductions in growth parameters, chlorophyll content, relative water content, and osmotic adjustment under salinity in both genotypes, with significantly greater impairment observed in Testour. Biochemical assessments indicated less pronounced increased levels of oxidative damage indicators, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and electrolyte leakage under salt treatment in Boulifa. These results corresponded with the enhanced antioxidative defense in Boulifa, as evidenced by significantly elevated expression of <i>HvOxO</i> (222% in leaves) and <i>HvSOD</i> (227.71% in roots) genes. Ion content analysis showed a higher accumulation of Na⁺ in roots than in leaves, with Boulifa maintaining lower overall Na⁺ levels and higher K⁺ concentrations, leading to an increased K⁺/Na⁺ ratio, a key indicator of salt tolerance. Furthermore, the increased expression of <i>HvHKT</i> genes in Boulifa (124% for <i>HvHKT6</i> and 147.74% for <i>HvHKT9</i> in leaves) suggests enhanced Na⁺ recirculation to roots, contributing to better ion homeostasis under saline conditions. In conclusion, Boulifa exhibits superior salt stress tolerance through effective ion regulation and oxidative stress mitigation. These findings provide insights into barley’s adaptive mechanisms to salinity and highlight key traits for consideration in future breeding programs.</p>

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Comparative Analysis of Salt Stress Responses in Two Barley Genotypes: Role of Ionic and Oxidative Stress Components

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • Rim Jouini,
  • Imen Rajhi,
  • Ghassen Abid,
  • Samiha Mejri,
  • Fatma Souissi,
  • Abdelwahed Ghorbel,
  • Rim Nefissi Ouertani

摘要

Salinity is a major challenge for crop production worldwide. Increasing salinization of agricultural land severely limits productivity and yield. This study investigated the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of two local barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes, Boulifa (B, salt-tolerant) and Testour (S, salt-sensitive), to salt stress. Plants were subjected to 200 mM NaCl for 17 and 23 days. Morpho-physiological assessments revealed marked reductions in growth parameters, chlorophyll content, relative water content, and osmotic adjustment under salinity in both genotypes, with significantly greater impairment observed in Testour. Biochemical assessments indicated less pronounced increased levels of oxidative damage indicators, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and electrolyte leakage under salt treatment in Boulifa. These results corresponded with the enhanced antioxidative defense in Boulifa, as evidenced by significantly elevated expression of HvOxO (222% in leaves) and HvSOD (227.71% in roots) genes. Ion content analysis showed a higher accumulation of Na⁺ in roots than in leaves, with Boulifa maintaining lower overall Na⁺ levels and higher K⁺ concentrations, leading to an increased K⁺/Na⁺ ratio, a key indicator of salt tolerance. Furthermore, the increased expression of HvHKT genes in Boulifa (124% for HvHKT6 and 147.74% for HvHKT9 in leaves) suggests enhanced Na⁺ recirculation to roots, contributing to better ion homeostasis under saline conditions. In conclusion, Boulifa exhibits superior salt stress tolerance through effective ion regulation and oxidative stress mitigation. These findings provide insights into barley’s adaptive mechanisms to salinity and highlight key traits for consideration in future breeding programs.