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<p>Plants adapt to adverse environmental conditions through morphological changes. In iron-deficient environments, the root development of pear trees is appropriately enhanced to maximize the absorption of iron ions, and nitric oxide (NO) may play a crucial role in this process, although the specific pathway of its action remains unclear. In this study, we used ‘Qingzhen D1’ as the experimental material and found that after iron deficiency treatment, the root length and number of lateral roots of the pear were significantly greater than those in the normal iron supply group, and the cell length in the elongation zone was notably increased. Simultaneously, the activity of root ferric chelate reductase (FCR) significantly increased, and the content of NO also rose notably. Exogenous NO and cPTIO (a NO inhibitor) treatment showed that the application of an exogenous NO donor (SNP) significantly increases the number of root tips and promotes root branching under normal iron supply conditions. In contrast, the application of a NO scavenger (cPTIO) inhibits root length, surface area, and root tip quantity under iron-deficient conditions. This indicates that under iron deficiency, enhanced root development is closely related to NO. During this process, the activities of NO synthesis-related enzymes, including nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, and glutamate dehydrogenase, as well as the differential expression of related genes, were altered. Iron deficiency stress induced the plant nitrogen cycle process and increased NO content by promoting the activities of NO synthesis-related enzymes. Treatment with sodium tungstate, an NO synthesis inhibitor, reduced the NO content after iron deficiency and also inhibited root development. These findings indicate that the enhanced root development after iron deficiency is induced by NO, primarily synthesized through the NR pathway. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism of root development in pear trees under iron deficiency stress.</p>

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Regulate Root Stystem Development by Promoting NO Synthesis Via the NR Pathway after Iron Deficiency in Pears

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月10日

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  • Wankun Liu,
  • Min Li,
  • Min Liu,
  • Jiankun Song,
  • Chenglin Liang,
  • Yingjie Yang,
  • Dingli Li,
  • Ran Wang,
  • Yi Lv,
  • Jianlong Liu

摘要

Plants adapt to adverse environmental conditions through morphological changes. In iron-deficient environments, the root development of pear trees is appropriately enhanced to maximize the absorption of iron ions, and nitric oxide (NO) may play a crucial role in this process, although the specific pathway of its action remains unclear. In this study, we used ‘Qingzhen D1’ as the experimental material and found that after iron deficiency treatment, the root length and number of lateral roots of the pear were significantly greater than those in the normal iron supply group, and the cell length in the elongation zone was notably increased. Simultaneously, the activity of root ferric chelate reductase (FCR) significantly increased, and the content of NO also rose notably. Exogenous NO and cPTIO (a NO inhibitor) treatment showed that the application of an exogenous NO donor (SNP) significantly increases the number of root tips and promotes root branching under normal iron supply conditions. In contrast, the application of a NO scavenger (cPTIO) inhibits root length, surface area, and root tip quantity under iron-deficient conditions. This indicates that under iron deficiency, enhanced root development is closely related to NO. During this process, the activities of NO synthesis-related enzymes, including nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, and glutamate dehydrogenase, as well as the differential expression of related genes, were altered. Iron deficiency stress induced the plant nitrogen cycle process and increased NO content by promoting the activities of NO synthesis-related enzymes. Treatment with sodium tungstate, an NO synthesis inhibitor, reduced the NO content after iron deficiency and also inhibited root development. These findings indicate that the enhanced root development after iron deficiency is induced by NO, primarily synthesized through the NR pathway. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism of root development in pear trees under iron deficiency stress.