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<p>Phosphorus (P) deficiency severely affects maize growth, making it essential to understand genotypic variation in adaptive responses and evaluate the role of beneficial microbes such as PGPR. In this study, 58 maize genotypes were assessed under low (2 µM) and optimal (500 µM) P conditions, where low P reduced shoot growth but enhanced root traits, with Low P Tolerance Coefficient (LPTC) values &gt; 1 for total root length (1.17) and root-to-shoot ratio (1.47). Principal component analysis clustered genotypes into four groups, identifying two P-efficient and two P-inefficient lines. Further, the impact of <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> (RA) inoculation was assessed in contrasting genotypes, namely PHM4I (P-efficient) and <i>Navin</i> (P-inefficient), under P-deficient conditions. RA inoculation improved biomass, chlorophyll content, and P uptake, particularly in <i>Navin</i>. Expression analysis showed differential regulation of metabolic genes (<i>NiR</i>, <i>gdh1</i>, <i>sps1</i>, <i>agp</i>) in response to RA. Interestingly, GC-MS based metabolite profiling revealed genotype- and treatment-specific shifts in metabolites across root, shoot, and root exudates, with RA enhancing stress-related pathways, viz. fatty acid biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, and glycolysis. Collectively, these findings affirm that maize responses to phosphorus availability are inherently genotype-specific, with PGPR significantly enhancing phosphorus-use efficiency and promoting greater metabolic adaptability, especially in phosphorus-inefficient genotypes, by modulating fatty acid and nitrogen metabolism under P deficient condition.</p>

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Differential Response of Maize Genotypes to Phosphorous Deficiency and Mitigation by Pseudomonas putida Via Fatty Acid and Nitrogen Metabolism

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月21日

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  • Tanya Singh,
  • Nikita Bisht,
  • Divya Prakash,
  • Mohd. Mogees Ansari,
  • Shashank Kumar Mishra,
  • Puneet Singh Chauhan

摘要

Phosphorus (P) deficiency severely affects maize growth, making it essential to understand genotypic variation in adaptive responses and evaluate the role of beneficial microbes such as PGPR. In this study, 58 maize genotypes were assessed under low (2 µM) and optimal (500 µM) P conditions, where low P reduced shoot growth but enhanced root traits, with Low P Tolerance Coefficient (LPTC) values > 1 for total root length (1.17) and root-to-shoot ratio (1.47). Principal component analysis clustered genotypes into four groups, identifying two P-efficient and two P-inefficient lines. Further, the impact of Pseudomonas putida (RA) inoculation was assessed in contrasting genotypes, namely PHM4I (P-efficient) and Navin (P-inefficient), under P-deficient conditions. RA inoculation improved biomass, chlorophyll content, and P uptake, particularly in Navin. Expression analysis showed differential regulation of metabolic genes (NiR, gdh1, sps1, agp) in response to RA. Interestingly, GC-MS based metabolite profiling revealed genotype- and treatment-specific shifts in metabolites across root, shoot, and root exudates, with RA enhancing stress-related pathways, viz. fatty acid biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, and glycolysis. Collectively, these findings affirm that maize responses to phosphorus availability are inherently genotype-specific, with PGPR significantly enhancing phosphorus-use efficiency and promoting greater metabolic adaptability, especially in phosphorus-inefficient genotypes, by modulating fatty acid and nitrogen metabolism under P deficient condition.