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<p>Regulating flowering in strawberry (<i>Fragaria × ananassa</i>) is crucial for yield and quality. Although exogenous gibberellin (GA) is the primary method for flowering time regulation in greenhouse production, it poses safety and environmental risks. Microbial GA secretion offers a promising alternative, but the development of such biofertilizers remains nascent. This study applied rhizosphere-isolated <i>Bacillus cereus</i> BCE2 and <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> BAM30—individually (T2, T3) or as a mixed consortium (T1, 1:1 ratio)—to the roots of ‘Yanli’ strawberry to assess effects on flowering phenotype, endogenous GA<sub>3</sub> levels, floral gene expression, and nutrient absorption. Both T2 and T3 improved vegetative growth and flower number, but the consortium (T1) demonstrated optimal efficacy: it significantly increased plant height and crown diameter, advanced bud emergence (by 14.3 days), flowering (by 17.3 days), and maturity (by 25.7 days), and shortened the flowering period by 41.2%. T1 significantly enhanced inflorescence density (+ 131.8%) and flower count (+ 80.0%), outperforming single-strain treatments (T2/T3: +64.1–94.0%). T1 also maximized biomass accumulation (shoot fresh weight: +86.9%; root dry weight: +160.4%) and leaf nutrient content (nitrogen: +26.7%; potassium: +26.5%; Phosphorus: +53.3%). Both strains secreted bioactive GA₃ (BCE2: 415.73 nmol/L; BAM30: 670.76 nmol/L), elevating endogenous GA₃ in treated plants (T1: 28.16 nmol/g vs. CK: 16.213 nmol/g). Quantitative PCR revealed that <i>Bacillus</i> treatments upregulated <i>FaGA20ox</i> (2.3–2.6-fold), <i>FaFT</i>, and <i>FaSOC1</i> expression while suppressing the floral inhibitor <i>FaSVP</i>. This study confirms that <i>Bacillus</i> spp. synergistically optimize strawberry flowering by coordinating nutrient uptake, enhancing endogenous GA levels, and regulating key flowering-time genes.</p>

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Bacillus-Mediated Biosynthesis of GA₃ Enhances Endogenous Gibberellin Levels and Promotes Growth and Floral Development in Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月10日

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  • Xiaolin Nie,
  • Yufei Su,
  • Shuyuan Zhang,
  • Yue Ma,
  • Zhihua Liu

摘要

Regulating flowering in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is crucial for yield and quality. Although exogenous gibberellin (GA) is the primary method for flowering time regulation in greenhouse production, it poses safety and environmental risks. Microbial GA secretion offers a promising alternative, but the development of such biofertilizers remains nascent. This study applied rhizosphere-isolated Bacillus cereus BCE2 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BAM30—individually (T2, T3) or as a mixed consortium (T1, 1:1 ratio)—to the roots of ‘Yanli’ strawberry to assess effects on flowering phenotype, endogenous GA3 levels, floral gene expression, and nutrient absorption. Both T2 and T3 improved vegetative growth and flower number, but the consortium (T1) demonstrated optimal efficacy: it significantly increased plant height and crown diameter, advanced bud emergence (by 14.3 days), flowering (by 17.3 days), and maturity (by 25.7 days), and shortened the flowering period by 41.2%. T1 significantly enhanced inflorescence density (+ 131.8%) and flower count (+ 80.0%), outperforming single-strain treatments (T2/T3: +64.1–94.0%). T1 also maximized biomass accumulation (shoot fresh weight: +86.9%; root dry weight: +160.4%) and leaf nutrient content (nitrogen: +26.7%; potassium: +26.5%; Phosphorus: +53.3%). Both strains secreted bioactive GA₃ (BCE2: 415.73 nmol/L; BAM30: 670.76 nmol/L), elevating endogenous GA₃ in treated plants (T1: 28.16 nmol/g vs. CK: 16.213 nmol/g). Quantitative PCR revealed that Bacillus treatments upregulated FaGA20ox (2.3–2.6-fold), FaFT, and FaSOC1 expression while suppressing the floral inhibitor FaSVP. This study confirms that Bacillus spp. synergistically optimize strawberry flowering by coordinating nutrient uptake, enhancing endogenous GA levels, and regulating key flowering-time genes.