Nutritional and Hormonal Strategies for Plant Stress Tolerance: Mechanistic Insights into Mineral Uptake and Signal Transduction
摘要
The growth of plants together with their agricultural output suffers strongly under conditions that cause stress, such as drought, salt exposure, and nutrient deficiency. To decrease the abiotic stressors, efficient nutritional methods serve two critical functions: they both optimize mineral uptake and, with it, enhance signal transduction mechanisms. The review investigates how mineral nutrients together with phytohormones operate within plant stress mechanisms to support plant adaptation to environmental strains using phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, and other essential minerals as examples. The paper investigates how cells process nutrients from absorption through distribution while covering current research about hormone-based control systems and signaling mechanisms. The competition between abiotic stressors and plant nutrients at membrane transporters enhances nutrient deficiency problems, which results in more severe damage to plants. The adverse effects of stress can be significantly reduced by raising mineral nutrient levels so nutrients become available both at transportation sites and within plant tissues through hormonal signaling networks. The overall efficiency of plants in their biological and chemical processes becomes negatively impacted by this phenomenon. The review presents significant findings about developing sustainable farming systems that raise crop resistance levels under challenging conditions through combining nutrient resource management with hormonal signaling and transduction systems.