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<p>Intensive rice cultivation to meet the rising global demand depend heavily on fertilizers and water application which leads to environmental pollution, affects human and aquatic lives, and inhibits crop nitrogen (N) use efficiency. To overcome these challenges, it is essential to implement strategies that improve nutrient use efficiency (NutUE) while optimizing crop growth and physiological performance. Therefore, a pot trial was executed to explore the potential of various organic and inorganic amendments to improve NutUE and physiological attributes of rice. Treatments included biochar (BC), compost (Comp), two types of bio-gypsum (Biogyp1 and Biogyp2), gypsum (Gyp), and a Ca waste by-product (Cawp), which were applied at a rate of 1% (w/w) three times. A baseline treatment (CK) devoid of any amendment was also included. Outcomes showed that organic and inorganic amendments substantially increased nutrient uptake, physiological attributes, growth parameters, and yield traits. However, the maximum improvement was observed under Biogyp1, which effectively enhanced chlorophyll content (11.3%), photosynthetic efficiency (64.2%), transpiration rate (31.8%), stomatal conductance (70.4%), mesophyll conductance (71.9%), and evaporation rate (16.9%), water use efficiency (WUE; 24.8%), and grain yield (28.3%) as compared to CK. The maximum increases in uptake of total N, phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) by 78.2%, 55.4%, and 29.8%, respectively, were observed with Biogyp1. Organic amendments (BC, Comp, Biogyp1, and Biogyp2) significantly improved the NutUE, physiological nutrient efficiency (PhyNutE), nutrient yield efficiency (NutYE) of NPK but the maximum increase was recorded in Biogyp1. In conclusion, these findings recommend that the strategic use of Biogyp1 can optimize NutUE and WUE, contributing to more sustainable rice farming practices.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Potential of Organic Amendments as a Sustainable Strategy to Enhance Rice Yield by Improving Nutrient Use Efficiency and Physiological Performance in Alkaline Soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月18日

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  • Muhammad Ahmed,
  • Muhammad Tauseef Jaffar,
  • Zulfiqar Ahmad,
  • Muhammad Naveed,
  • Syed Ayyaz Javed,
  • Muhammad Shoaib Asad,
  • Ali Raza,
  • Awais Shakoor,
  • Jianguo Zhang

摘要

Intensive rice cultivation to meet the rising global demand depend heavily on fertilizers and water application which leads to environmental pollution, affects human and aquatic lives, and inhibits crop nitrogen (N) use efficiency. To overcome these challenges, it is essential to implement strategies that improve nutrient use efficiency (NutUE) while optimizing crop growth and physiological performance. Therefore, a pot trial was executed to explore the potential of various organic and inorganic amendments to improve NutUE and physiological attributes of rice. Treatments included biochar (BC), compost (Comp), two types of bio-gypsum (Biogyp1 and Biogyp2), gypsum (Gyp), and a Ca waste by-product (Cawp), which were applied at a rate of 1% (w/w) three times. A baseline treatment (CK) devoid of any amendment was also included. Outcomes showed that organic and inorganic amendments substantially increased nutrient uptake, physiological attributes, growth parameters, and yield traits. However, the maximum improvement was observed under Biogyp1, which effectively enhanced chlorophyll content (11.3%), photosynthetic efficiency (64.2%), transpiration rate (31.8%), stomatal conductance (70.4%), mesophyll conductance (71.9%), and evaporation rate (16.9%), water use efficiency (WUE; 24.8%), and grain yield (28.3%) as compared to CK. The maximum increases in uptake of total N, phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) by 78.2%, 55.4%, and 29.8%, respectively, were observed with Biogyp1. Organic amendments (BC, Comp, Biogyp1, and Biogyp2) significantly improved the NutUE, physiological nutrient efficiency (PhyNutE), nutrient yield efficiency (NutYE) of NPK but the maximum increase was recorded in Biogyp1. In conclusion, these findings recommend that the strategic use of Biogyp1 can optimize NutUE and WUE, contributing to more sustainable rice farming practices.

Graphical Abstract