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<p>Utilization of some biostimulants, such as salicylic acid (SA), to improve salinity tolerance in crop plants has become a popular approach. We investigated the possible ameliorative effect of SA (50&#xa0;µM) on salt-stressed maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L. cv. ADA9510) plants depending on the mode of the application (100&#xa0;mM NaCl). Plants were grown in a water culture containing Hoagland solution and supplemented with 0 or 100&#xa0;mM NaCl under root- or foliar-applied SA conditions. The results revealed that salinity disturbed photosynthetic pigment metabolism, photosynthetic efficiency, water relations, and mineral nutrition in maize plants, thereby reducing growth, which is confirmed by the changes in the physiological growth parameters. In addition, changes in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (hydrogen peroxide) and MDA (malondialdehyde) contents as well as in SOD (superoxide dismutase), APOD (ascorbate peroxidase), and GR (glutathione reductase) activities clearly indicated an efficient superoxide anion dismutation and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> decomposition in maize plants under salt stress, resulting in decreased oxidative stress and protected membrane integrity. Compared to root application of SA, maize plants treated with the foliar SA presented higher leaf Fe, Mg, and Zn contents, improved photosynthetic efficiency, and lower H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, MDA, the reduced ascorbate content besides lower SOD and APOD activities when subjected to salt stress. Accordingly, it may be concluded that foliar SA application is more operative than root application in providing salt tolerance in maize plants by reducing the inhibition of salt stress on photosynthetic electron transport reactions and improving oxidative stress.</p>

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Is Exogenous Salicylic Acid an Effective Stress Modulator for Maize Plants Under Salt Stress? via Root or via Foliar, and How?

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月19日

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  • Sezen Toksoy Köseoğlu,
  • Ali Doğru

摘要

Utilization of some biostimulants, such as salicylic acid (SA), to improve salinity tolerance in crop plants has become a popular approach. We investigated the possible ameliorative effect of SA (50 µM) on salt-stressed maize (Zea mays L. cv. ADA9510) plants depending on the mode of the application (100 mM NaCl). Plants were grown in a water culture containing Hoagland solution and supplemented with 0 or 100 mM NaCl under root- or foliar-applied SA conditions. The results revealed that salinity disturbed photosynthetic pigment metabolism, photosynthetic efficiency, water relations, and mineral nutrition in maize plants, thereby reducing growth, which is confirmed by the changes in the physiological growth parameters. In addition, changes in H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) and MDA (malondialdehyde) contents as well as in SOD (superoxide dismutase), APOD (ascorbate peroxidase), and GR (glutathione reductase) activities clearly indicated an efficient superoxide anion dismutation and H2O2 decomposition in maize plants under salt stress, resulting in decreased oxidative stress and protected membrane integrity. Compared to root application of SA, maize plants treated with the foliar SA presented higher leaf Fe, Mg, and Zn contents, improved photosynthetic efficiency, and lower H2O2, MDA, the reduced ascorbate content besides lower SOD and APOD activities when subjected to salt stress. Accordingly, it may be concluded that foliar SA application is more operative than root application in providing salt tolerance in maize plants by reducing the inhibition of salt stress on photosynthetic electron transport reactions and improving oxidative stress.