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<p>The structural changes occurring in embryos of germinating maize seeds primed with different organic osmolytes like glycinebetaine, proline and trehalose were compared under saline and non-saline conditions. Maize seeds were soaked in 50&#xa0;ml of glycinebetaine, proline, and trehalose (30&#xa0;mM each) solutions or in water for 16&#xa0;h and used for growth and anatomical measurements. Salinity treatment (50&#xa0;mM NaCl) was applied to the soaking solution to evaluate influence of salinity stress in germinating maize embryo. For growth traits of the seedlings, seeds were also sown in sand after the treatment and irrigated with Hoagland’s nutrient solution. Anatomical characteristics were studied by preparation of permanent slides after preservation of remaining half of primed seeds in FAA solution for 72&#xa0;h. Trehalose-primed seeds had best germination percentage, root and shoot lengths, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, number of leaves per plant, and leaf area that was related to plumule width and early vascular tissue development in plumule, radicle, and mesocotyl. Proline-primed seeds exhibited the maximum root fresh and shoot dry weights that was attributed to enhanced embryonic cell area, and, radicle length, width, and cell area. Glycinebetaine-primed seeds had enhanced plumule anatomical traits like plumule area, sheathing leaves layers, number of developing vessels in radicle and mesocotyl cell area. Hydro-primed seeds had the highest embryonic leaf length and area. It was concluded that seed priming with osmolytes enhanced early growth of the plumule, radicle, mesocotyl, and embryonic leaves, leading to improved seedling development, with effects varying by osmolyte type.</p>

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Seed Priming with Osmolytes Ameliorates Salinity Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.) Through Embryonic Modifications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月2日

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  • Paris Riaz,
  • Ansa Asghar,
  • Sana Fatima,
  • Sana Basharat,
  • Zahida Parveen,
  • Mansoor Hameed,
  • Farooq Ahmad,
  • M. Sajid Aqeel Ahmad,
  • Muhammad Ashraf,
  • Faakeha Islam,
  • Syed Mohsan Raza Shah,
  • Qasim Ali

摘要

The structural changes occurring in embryos of germinating maize seeds primed with different organic osmolytes like glycinebetaine, proline and trehalose were compared under saline and non-saline conditions. Maize seeds were soaked in 50 ml of glycinebetaine, proline, and trehalose (30 mM each) solutions or in water for 16 h and used for growth and anatomical measurements. Salinity treatment (50 mM NaCl) was applied to the soaking solution to evaluate influence of salinity stress in germinating maize embryo. For growth traits of the seedlings, seeds were also sown in sand after the treatment and irrigated with Hoagland’s nutrient solution. Anatomical characteristics were studied by preparation of permanent slides after preservation of remaining half of primed seeds in FAA solution for 72 h. Trehalose-primed seeds had best germination percentage, root and shoot lengths, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, number of leaves per plant, and leaf area that was related to plumule width and early vascular tissue development in plumule, radicle, and mesocotyl. Proline-primed seeds exhibited the maximum root fresh and shoot dry weights that was attributed to enhanced embryonic cell area, and, radicle length, width, and cell area. Glycinebetaine-primed seeds had enhanced plumule anatomical traits like plumule area, sheathing leaves layers, number of developing vessels in radicle and mesocotyl cell area. Hydro-primed seeds had the highest embryonic leaf length and area. It was concluded that seed priming with osmolytes enhanced early growth of the plumule, radicle, mesocotyl, and embryonic leaves, leading to improved seedling development, with effects varying by osmolyte type.